Performance evaluation of seventeen common fig ( Ficus carica L.) cultivars introduced to a tropical climate
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RESEARCH REPORT
Performance evaluation of seventeen common fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars introduced to a tropical climate M. Moniruzzaman1,2 · Nurina Anuar1 · Zahira Yaakob1 · A. K. M. Aminul Islam3 · J. M. Al‑Khayri4 Received: 4 January 2019 / Revised: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 © Korean Society for Horticultural Science 2020
Abstract Common fig (Ficus carica L.), an economically-important fruit species widely cultivated in the Mediterranean Basin, is gaining increasing interest in the tropical and subtropical regions. A vast genetic diversity of common fig is available; however, systematic studies of cultivar performance in a particular new environment are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of 17 common fig cultivars grown under the Malaysian tropical climate. Evaluation was based on 15 parameters relevant to fruit yield, fruit quality and pest susceptibility. The results showed variable performance among the cultivars tested; 10 cultivars performed well for orchard establishment. Cultivar ‘A134’ produced the highest fruit yield per plant (3410 g) compared to the average yield of the cultivars studied (2500 g). Cultivars ‘Fen Chan Huang’ and ‘Wuhan’ produced the highest number of fruits per plant, 119 and 82 fruits, respectively. Mealybug infestation and ostiole-end splitting are major limitations to fig cultivation in Malaysia. Cultivar ‘Longue d’Aout’ was the most susceptible to mealybug infestation; whereas cultivar ‘B110’ was the most resistant. Above 60% of the fruits of cvs. ‘Brunswick’ and ‘Qing Pi’ had split ostiole; however, this was less than 20% in cvs. ‘Longue d’Aout’ and ‘Alma’. This study facilitates successful farming of figs in Malaysia and provides insights for future development programs. Keywords Breeding · Fruit production · Germplasm screening · Selection · Malaysia
1 Introduction
Communicated by Ikjo Chun. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00259-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zahira Yaakob [email protected] 1
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
2
Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
3
Departments of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
4
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al‑Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
The genus Ficus, is one of 40 genera belonging to the Moraceae, a family and comprising over 800 species, the most important of which are F. carica, F. religiosa, F. elastica, F. benghalensis, and F. rumphi (Woodland 1997). Fig plants are shrubs or small trees with palmate leaves deeply indented with three or seven lobes (Fig. 1), the foliage is single
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