Synthesis and characterization of SnO 2 NPs for photodegradation of eriochrome black-T using response surface methodolog
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 NPs for photodegradation of eriochrome black-T using response surface methodology Moones Honarmand 1 & Morteza Golmohammadi 1 & Javad Hafezi-bakhtiari 1 Received: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The domestic and industrial sewage contains an extensive range of various organic compounds. Due to the toxicity of these materials, their degradation is considered one of the great environmental challenges. To address this problem, SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a green route, and they were used as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of an organic dye. In the stage of synthesis of nanoparticles, Thymus vulgaris L. extract acted as an efficient capping agent and renewable reducing agent, and SnO2 NPs were synthesized without addition of any hazardous surfactants. The successful synthesis of SnO2 NPs was confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The photocatalytic performance of SnO2 NPs was examined for the degradation of eriochrome black-T (ECBT) as a toxic organic dye in aqueous medium under ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) model was carried out to study of the effects of three different operational parameters on degradation of ECBT. In this design, initial pH of solution (3–11), reaction time (0.5–4 h), and the catalyst loading (0.05–0.12 g) were selected as three factors, whereas the degradation efficiency was chosen as the response. The results of the experimental design indicated that initial pH and catalyst loading were highly significant factors, whereas the reaction time was less important than other factors. Also, recyclability of catalyst was investigated, and the obtained results showed that SnO2 NPs could be easily recovered and reused for at least 4 cycles without any significant decrease in their activity. Keywords SnO2 nanoparticles . Thymus vulgaris L. . Photodegradation . Eriochrome black-T . Response surface methodology
Introduction The water quality is getting worse every day, due to discharge of hazardous organic dyes from various industries such as printing, ceramics, textile, paper, food, and cosmetic. Most of the organic dyes are carcinogenic and toxic (Shanker et al. 2017 & Ismail et al. 2019). The organic dyes are stable and are not easily degraded by natural processes. From an ecological point of view, the removal of organic dyes is a great challenge. Over the past few years, scientists have used Responsible Editor: Sami Rtimi This manuscript is original and not published elsewhere in any form or language. * Moones Honarmand [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran
various chemical and physical techniques such as coagulation, photodegradation, reverse osmosis, and chemical reduction for treatment of wastewater containing organic dyes (Bruggen et al. 2003;
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