Comparative Analyses of Radix Paeoniae Alba with Different Appearance Traits and from Different Geographical Origins Usi
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ORIGINAL
Comparative Analyses of Radix Paeoniae Alba with Different Appearance Traits and from Different Geographical Origins Using HPLC Fingerprints and Chemossmetrics Guangjiao You1 · Huanhuan Li1 · Yanan Liu1 · Xiaoliang Ren1 · Lizhi Wang1 · Meng Wang2 Received: 27 July 2020 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, Radix Paeoniae Alba with different appearance traits and from three geographical regions was analyzed using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints, chemometrics, and content determination. Hierarchically clustered heatmap was developed for sample visualization. Principal component analysis was used to classify 47 Radix Paeoniae Alba samples with different appearance traits and from three different geographical regions. Principal component analysis results revealed that the Radix Paeoniae Alba samples fell into three clusters, which were related to geographical location and appearance traits. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was established to predict samples classification and obtain the 14 most significant variables (chemical markers) by a variable importance in the project. The six chemical markers were gallic acid (1), oxypaeoniflorin (7), paeoniflorin (12), 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose (19), benzoic acid (20), and benzoyl paeoniflorin (24). Finally, the content of gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, and benzoyl paeoniflorin was determined, and the total contents of the four components were class 2 > class 1 > class 3, which suggests that geographical origins and appearance traits can be used to determine the quality of Radix Paeoniae Alba. Keywords Chromatographic fingerprint · Classification · Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis · Principal component analysis · Quality evaluation · Radix Paeoniae Alba
Introduction Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has attracted considerable attention due to its long-term clinical efficacy. However, herbal products used in TCM often have multiple geographical origins, different appearance traits, affecting both its composition and efficacy. At the same time, processing is a unique feature of TCM, which will also affect the quality of TCM and its preparations.
* Xiaoliang Ren [email protected] * Lizhi Wang [email protected] 1
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
2
Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA), derived from the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [1], is commonly used in TCM. It is mainly produced in Sichuan Province, Zhejiang Province, and Anhui Province of China. Currently, RPA is widely used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-angiogenesis, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, and immunoregulatory agent [2–6]. Modern research in
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