Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Tannins Extracted from Salix alba L. Against Different Gram-Positiv
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RESEARCH PAPER
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Tannins Extracted from Salix alba L. Against Different Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains Bilal Javed1,2
•
Khalid Nawaz1 • Mehmooda Munazir3
Received: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 Ó Shiraz University 2020
Abstract The present study was aimed to extract tannins from methanolic extracts of Salix alba and determination of their antimicrobial potential. Antibacterial activity of tannins extracted from S. alba leaves and stem bark methanolic extracts was determined by using agar well diffusion assay against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. aureus (2), Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli (1), E. coli (2), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and zone of inhibition was measured in terms of millimeter. The highest inhibition zone was recorded at 17.33 ± 1.15 by using bark tannins (100 mg/ml) against S. aureus (2) after an incubation period of 48 h while no activity was reported against S. sonnei by using leaves tannins. It was observed that the tannins from the bark of the S. alba were more effective to kill all bacterial pathogens and the inhibition percentage increased with increasing the concentration of the tannins. Major classes of secondary metabolites were determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Leaves fraction of S. alba methanolic extract was enriched with Tannins, Quinones, Steroids, Resins, and Phenols while stem bark extracts were embellished with Flavonoids, Tannins, Quinones, and Phenols. Findings from this study will help to develop formulation from S. alba tannins and endorse the ethnopharmacological utilization of the evaluated plant. Keywords Tannins Antibacterial Zone of inhibition Plant extract Willow
1 Introduction Plants are biochemical labs having intensive mechanisms to synthesize chemotherapeutically active ingredients that are responsible for saving life on this planet because of their antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, and diuretic actions that favor the rigorous exploration of this blessing (Gligoric´ et al. 2019). The last passing years are devoted by botanists, biochemists, and pharmacists for the screening of
& Bilal Javed [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Institute of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab 50700, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
3
Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
this green creature to heal the sufferings of man’s population (Mogashoa et al. 2019). Developing countries like Pakistan, India, Brazil, and Sri Lanka are facing a problem of rampant bacterial population posing health problems because of low-quality food, expensive medicines, inaccessibility to physicians, and poor sewerage systems (Khunoana et al. 2019). Indiscriminate use of antimicrobial a
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