Comparative analysis of immune related genes between domestic pig and germ-free minipig
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Lee et al. Laboratory Animal Research (2020) 36:44 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-020-00077-7
RESEARCH
Open Access
Comparative analysis of immune related genes between domestic pig and germfree minipig Ju Young Lee1,2†, Sang Eun Kim3†, Hoon Taek Lee3 and Jeong Ho Hwang1*
Abstract Recently, minipig has been considered as an animal model that is appropriate for human disease model to study toxicology, pharmacology, and xenotransplantation. Nevertheless, minipigs are bred in various environment according to their use. Here, we suggest that minipigs used for research should be bred in well-controlled facility, comparing immune status of pigs raised in different breeding environment. DNA microarray was performed with ear skin and placenta of Landrace domestic pigs (DPs) and Minnesota germ-free minipigs (GPs). Their immune transcriptome was analyzed by gene ontology (GO) annotation database, based on criteria of |log2 fold change| ≥1 with P ≤ 0.05. As a result, we found that immune related genes in the ear skin of DPs were highly activated, compared to GPs. On the other hand, no significant s were found in the placenta. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR) was performed in five candidate immune genes. Their fold changes were consistent with the results from DNA microarray (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, we experimentally proved that porcine immune system was affected by different breeding environment, suggesting the importance of controlling microbes in animal room for the qualified research. Keywords: Minipig, Germ-free facility, Differentially expressed gene, Systemic immune activation
Introduction Experimental animal models have been considered as important research tool to conduct preclinical study and identify human disease mechanism. The species of animal model have been also diversified, such as rodents, non-rodents, and non-human primates [1]. In general toxicity test, one species of non-rodents is essentially required to meet Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) guideline [2]. However, arguments to utilize those animals for research have been constantly raised due to ethical issues and lacks of experiment reproducibility [3]. To overcome these problems, the minipig has been raised as * Correspondence: [email protected] † Ju Young Lee and Sang Eun Kim contributed equally to this work. 1 Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 143-701, South Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
an alternative animal due to similarity of pathological features with human, and being relatively free from animal ethic issues. The advantages of utilizing minipig are as follows [4]. First, the minipig is relatively free from animal ethic issue than other animals because of their industrial use as the livestock in human society. Second, the minipig has been improved for proper size to be managed and bred easier than traditional farm pigs, which enables to reduce economic costs incurred by securing breeding space for installment of ca
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