Comparative transcriptional analysis reveled genes related to short winter-dormancy regulation in Camellia sinensis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparative transcriptional analysis reveled genes related to short winter-dormancy regulation in Camellia sinensis Liqiang Tan1 · Liubin Wang1 · Bin Zhou1 · Qinling Liu1 · Shengxiang Chen1 · Daolun Sun2 · Yao Zou1 · Wei Chen1 · Pinwu Li1 · Qian Tang1 Received: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The perennial tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a beverage crop consumed worldwide. Its annual production is significantly affected by the length of winter dormancy (WD) in temperate regions. By intensive phenotype-based selection, we bred a new short WD tea cultivar, named ‘Emei Wenchun’ (EW), which has a dormancy period that is approximately half the length of that of the regular cultivars. To understand the genetic basis of short WD trait of EW, we performed full-length transcript sequencing using the PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) platform and analyzed the transcript expression levels in the buds by Illumina RNA-SEq. We obtained a total of 101,720 full-length non-chimeric sequences from 9.79 Gb of SMRT clean data, resulting in 30,720 non-redundancy full-length transcripts. These transcripts were mapped to 12,819 gene loci, including 2135 novel loci, and revealed 7980 alternative splicing events. In addition, 695 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 1,183 fusion transcripts were predicted. By integrating with the RNA-Seq data, we compared the expression levels of the transcripts in dormant and growing buds of EW and a normal WD cultivar (‘Chuan Cha 2’). A total of 15,009 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DETs revealed critical terms and pathways for the regulation of WD. The key candidate transcripts that were likely to be involved in the WD regulation, including MASDs, NF-YCs, AP2-ERFs, and plant hormone-related genes, were discussed. Results from our analyses provide valuable information to understand the genetic basis of the regulation of WD in Camellia sinensis. Keywords Camellia sinensis · Winter dormancy · Transcriptomic analysis · Alternative splicing
Introduction
Liqiang Tan and Liubin Wang have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00649-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Liqiang Tan [email protected] * Qian Tang [email protected] 1
College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Tea Industry Development Center, Leshan Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Leshan, Sichuan, China
2
In temperate regions, perennial plants adapt to low winter temperatures by entering into a state of dormancy, which results in a lack of visible growth in the vegetative buds (Horvath et al. 2003). Plants determine when to enter and break winter dormancy (WD) by sensing the changes of temperature and length of sunshine. This biological process is strictly regulated and highly heritable (Horvath et al. 2003; Bohleniu
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