Comparative study of salicylic acid contents in young wheat and rice plants and their anticancer activities in HepG2 and
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparative study of salicylic acid contents in young wheat and rice plants and their anticancer activities in HepG2 and Caco‑2 cells Magda Pál1 · Gabriella Szalai1 · Erika Lantos2 · György Nagyéri2 · Tibor Janda1 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Some recent results reported that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) had a positive effect on the treatment of certain types of cancer. However, the results cannot be generalized and it is not always clear whether it is a direct anticancer effect or a general health effect. Since plants produce different amounts of salicylic acid, we have sought a relationship between the salicylic acid content of some plant extracts and their anticancer activity. Growing of wheat and rice plants were carried out under controlled conditions. The salicylic acid content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The viability and cell cycle assays were performed on HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines. Despite the high content of salicylic acid, the extracts from rice plants did not show significant anticancer activity. In spite of the low salicylic acid content, the positive effect of wheat germ was confirmed in both tests. There is no direct relationship between the salicylic acid content of the plant extracts and their anticancer activity. However, it has been proven that young wheat germ is more effective than mature leaf. Keywords Anticancer activity · Plant extract · Plant seedlings · Salicylic acid
Introduction The risk of developing cancer is estimated to be around 40% worldwide, a trend that continues to increase, particularly in developing countries [14]. Around 3.2 million new cases occur each year in Europe, resulting in around 1.7 million deaths [7]. Some results indicate that long-term use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) may reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers. In particular, studies in animal models suggest that the effect is at least in part related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes and reduction in prostaglandin production [2]. Recent clinical studies have shown positive effects not only in animals but also in humans [10, 20]. Other results, however, have shown that there is no close association between aspirin use and risk of prostate cancer mortality [26], but that aspirin use may provide longer survival period for patients before and after diagnosis of prostate cancer, highlighting the * Tibor Janda [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
SOFTFLOW Ltd., Kedves u. 20, Pécs 7628, Hungary
2
importance of preventing comorbidity in prostate cancer among its survivors [25]. Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly common for people to prefer natural products over synthetic medicines. In addition to this kind of “fashion” in the developed world, such products are especially of great importance in the health care of developing countrie
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