Comparison of ischemic and ischemic/reperfused kidney injury via clamping renal artery, vein, or pedicle in anesthetized
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NEPHROLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparison of ischemic and ischemic/reperfused kidney injury via clamping renal artery, vein, or pedicle in anesthetized rats Mohammad Karami1 · Seyed Mohammad Owji2 · Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi1,3 Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose We recently observed that 30 min of bilateral renal arterial, venous, or pedicle occlusion with 2-h reperfusion differentially induced acute kidney injury (AKI), which was suggested to be probably resulted from their directly exerting dissimilar impacts on kidney during the ischemic period. The present study was further designed to evaluate and prove this suggestion. Methods Anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided in two distinct supragroups with 30-min bilateral renal ischemia alone (BI) or followed by 30-min reperfusion (BIR), which each had four different groups (n = 8) of subjecting to renal artery, vein, or pedicle clamping and also sham operation. Results In the BI groups, artery clamping caused lower renal tissue injury than pedicle clamping but vein occlusion caused the highest levels of kidney histological damages along with the widespread hemorrhagic congestion. In the BIR groups, renal vascular congestion, intratubular cast, and edema decreased, but tubular epithelial injury did not significantly change in comparison to their equivalents BI groups. However, the orders of total renal tissue damages in the BIR groups were still as clamping renal veins > > pedicles > arteries and in association with their proportionally developed renal hemodynamic, excretory, and urine-concentrating dysfunctions. Conclusion The transmission of high arterial pressure into renal microvessels and rupturing of their walls during venousclamping augment, but the retrograde blood flow from veins into kidney during artery clamping attenuates induction of renal tissue injury with respect to pedicle clamping not only at the ischemic period but also at the early reperfusion period and along with the proportional development of renal dysfunctions. Keywords Acute kidney injury · Renal ischemia · Renal arterial clamping · Renal pedicle clamping · Renal venous clamping
Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is an important problem in both native and transplanted kidneys. Ischemic AKI is associated with a high mortality rate in the intensive-care unit and also more early rejection and shorter survival duration of the kidney transplants * Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi [email protected] 1
Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71365‑1689 Shiraz, Iran
2
Department of Pathology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71365‑1689 Shiraz, Iran
3
Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71365‑1689 Shiraz, Iran
[1–3]. The animal models of ischemic AKI have been very useful for finding contributing factors and also drug discovery in this disease. However, trans
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