Compost is a carrier medium for Trichoderma harzianum
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Compost is a carrier medium for Trichoderma harzianum Lisa Joos . Gise`le L. Herren . Marjolein Couvreur . Isabelle Binnemans . Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni . Monica Ho¨fte . Jane Debode . Wim Bert . Hanne Steel
Received: 2 August 2019 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract Trichoderma spp. are one of the most commercialized fungal biocontrol agents. To improve its applicability, while preserving its effectiveness against diseases, a selection of composts were tested as carrier mediums. The population dynamic of T. harzianum was studied in three composts differing in biological characteristics based on the Nematode Index of Compost Maturity (NICM). The results showed a decline in the T. harzianum population, which became stable after six or eight weeks, irrespective of compost, concentration or sterilization. The bioassay with Rhizoctonia solani on bean showed promising results for disease control after storage of
the inoculated composts. Nevertheless, T. harzianum was ineffective against R. solani in one compost with a high NICM value, likely related to its sub-optimal physicochemical characteristics and lower root colonization. Compost is a suitable carrier medium for T. harzianum, but the NICM value is not a good indicator to predict the survival rate nor the disease suppression activity of compost inoculated with T. harzianum. Keywords Trichoderma harzianum T-22 Rhizoctonia solani Nematode-based Index of Compost Maturity (NICM) Compost Compost quality
Handling Editor: Fouad Daayf. L. Joos (&) G. L. Herren (&) M. Couvreur I. Binnemans W. Bert H. Steel Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] G. L. Herren e-mail: [email protected] L. Joos J. Debode Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96-109, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium F. E. Oni M. Ho¨fte Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Introduction A major challenge for agriculture is the need to control pests and diseases in a sustainable way, while guaranteeing both the yield and quality of crops. Although chemical-based methods have made their contributions, a long list of proven negative effects exists, both on environmental and human health. This highlights the ever-growing need for alternative solutions like biocontrol, whereby biocontrol agents (BCAs) are used to suppress plant pathogens (Peshin et al. 2009). Trichoderma spp. are widely used as BCAs, as they target multiple plant pathogens both directly, through their antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity, and indirectly, by triggering plant defence
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mechanism (Benı´tez et al. 2004; Verma et al. 2007). They also have the ability to stimulate plant growth and development (Harman et
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