Enhancement of chlortetracycline biodegradation with Trichoderma harzianum LJ245 and its spore-producing mutants using c
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enhancement of chlortetracycline biodegradation with Trichoderma harzianum LJ245 and its spore-producing mutants using co-metabolism Yanju Li
. Yu Gong . Huiying Zhao . Jingang Gu . Zinuo Wang . Xuli He
Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Chlortetracycline (CTC) has been widely used in veterinary medicine in recent years, which has resulted in severe environmental issues due to its low degradation rate and high risk to induce antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes. In previous studies, CTC could be efficiently degraded by Trichoderma harzianum LJ245. Nevertheless, the strain itself suffers from relatively poor adaptability due to the limited number of spores produced. In this paper, ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis was conducted on LJ245, and various mutants with high sporulation rate were generated to expand the environmental adaptability and enhance CTC degradation. An OmniLogbased method, where 95 types of carbon sources were applied, was first proposed to acquire the carbon Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-020-09908-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Y. Li (&) Y. Gong Z. Wang X. He School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China e-mail: [email protected]
metabolic profile of the strains. Several controlled experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of co-substrate metabolism on strain growth, CTC biodegradation, and metabolites biotoxicity removal. The result shows that produced mutants could significantly broaden the carbon metabolic profile and expand the environmental adaptability compared to the original LJ245, where the mutants obtained remarkable increase in total number of usable carbon sources. Meanwhile, as the sole carbon source, CTC could not be fully degraded by the strains. However, the use of co-metabolism could considerably enhance CTC degradation and completely remove CTC degradation products biotoxicity by all strains. Specifically, amino acids and carboxylic acids had the best performance on both strain growth and CTC degradation among all carbon source categories. The results can be applied to the biodegradation treatment of CTC in solid residue, waste water and other environments. Keywords Trichoderma harzianum Biodegradation CTC Co-metabolism Biotoxicity Mutant OmniLog
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Introduction
J. Gu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Chlortetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of tetracycline family, which is widely used in veterinary practice for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
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Biodegradation
Nevertheless, CTC suffers from low degradation rate and could not be completely metabolized by livestock, causing huge environmental issues as it brin
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