Contrast Media Overview, Use and Pharmaceutical Aspects
Contrast media in diagnostic imaging 8 Visualization of functions 8 • Morphology 9 • General principles of X-ray contrast media 10 13 Structure and properties of X-ray contrast media Barium sulfate 13 Water-soluble contrast media 14 Chemical structure, bi
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Overview, Use and Pharmaceutical Aspects
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Dr. Ulrich Speck Furstendamm 20 13465 Berlin, FRG
1. and 2. Edition were published by Schering AG, Berlin 3rd Edition 1991 4th Edition 1994 Corrected 4th Edition 1999
ISBN 978·3-540-65712-5 ISBN 978-3-642-85995-3 (eBook) 001 10.1007/978-3-642-85995-3
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved , whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting , reuse of illustrations, recitating , broadcasting, reproduction on m ci rofilm or in any other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 1999 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceuticalliterature. With Contributions by B. Behrends-Steins, P.Blaszkiewicz, H.-E. Hempel, D. Herrmann, U. Hubner-Steiner, A. Lenzner, W. MOlzel, E. Post, H.Steins and V. Taenzer
ISBN 978-3-540-65712-5 ISBN 978-3-642-85995-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-85995-3
Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG Science Communication Editing Dept. for Medicine Priv.-Doz. Dr. B. Fruhstorfer, D.Berger, U. Hafner, S. Hasse, U. Hilpert (resp.), Dr. F. Holthausen, Dr. C. Leist, Dr. P. Stawinski
Rothenburg ob der Tauber 16/3130-54321 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
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Introduction
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Contrast media in diagnostic imaging
8 8 9
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Visualization of functions Morphology
General principles of X-ray contrast media
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Structure and properties of X-ray contrast media
13 13 14 14 15 15 16 18 20 21 22 23 25
Barium sulfate Water-soluble contrast media
• • •
Chemical structure, biological behavior and use Conventional, highly hypertonic contrast media Low-osmolar contrast media, especially non ionic substances Nonionic contrast media Osmolality and side effects caused by hypertonicity
• • • •
Ionic contrast media Contrast media for intravenous cholegraphy Contrast media for oral cholegraphy Cations Synthesis of water-soluble contrast media
Physicochemical properties of water-soluble contrast media Water solubility ViscositylTemperature Osmolality Hydrophilia/Lipophilia Electrical charge Others Possible uses of X-ray contrast media Principles of opacification P
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