X-Ray Contrast Media OVERVIEW, USE AND PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS
This open access book is an overview on CT/X-ray contrast media designed for radiologists and other medical specialists who use contrast media in imaging and interventional procedures as well as related scientists on the use and pharmaceutical aspect
- PDF / 6,505,252 Bytes
- 128 Pages / 476.22 x 680.315 pts Page_size
- 75 Downloads / 184 Views
X-Ray Contrast Media Overview, Use and Pharmaceutical Aspects 5. Auflage
X-Ray Contrast Media
Ulrich Speck
X-Ray Contrast Media Overview, Use and Pharmaceutical Aspects 5. Auflage
Ulrich Speck InnoRa GmbH Berlin, Germany
ISBN 978-3-662-56464-6 ISBN 978-3-662-56465-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56465-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934958 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 1991, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2018. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Open Access is sponsored by Bayer AG, Berlin Fotonachweis Umschlag: (c) BBMG GmbH//Umschlaggestaltung: deblik Berlin Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
10
Historical Aspects
10
Contrast media in X-ray imaging
13
Visualization of functions
13
Morphology
13
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA
16
Physical Principles
18
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA
20
Barium Sulfate
20
Lipiodol
21
Water-soluble contrast media
24
Chemical structure, biological behavior and use
24
High-osmolar, ionic contrast media
25
Low-osmolar substances
26
Nonionic contrast media
26
Osmolality and side effects caused by hypertonicity
28
Ionic contrast media
30
Contrast media for intravenous cholegraphy
31
Cations
31
Synthesis of
Data Loading...
