Contribution of neural crest-derived stem cells and nasal chondrocytes to articular cartilage regeneration
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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
REVIEW
Contribution of neural crest‑derived stem cells and nasal chondrocytes to articular cartilage regeneration Tianyou Li1,2 · Song Chen3 · Ming Pei1,4 Received: 6 March 2020 / Revised: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 May 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Due to poor self-regenerative potential of articular cartilage, stem cell-based regeneration becomes a hopeful approach for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Recent studies indicate that neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) have the potential for repairing articular cartilage with even greater chondrogenic capacity than mesoderm-derived cells (MDCs): a conventional stem cell source for cartilage regeneration. Given that NCDCs originate from a different germ layer in the early embryo compared with MDCs that give rise to articular cartilage, a mystery remains regarding their capacity for articular cartilage regeneration. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between MDCs and NCDCs including articular and nasal chondrocytes in cell origin, anatomy, and chondrogenic differentiation and propose that NCDCs might be promising cell origins for articular cartilage regeneration. Keywords Neural crest-derived cells · Mesoderm-derived cells · Cartilage regeneration · Stem cells · Nasal chondrocytes · Articular chondrocytes
Introduction Articular cartilage defects exist in many common clinical disorders, such as degenerative osteoarthritis, joint trauma, and osteochondritis dissecans [1–3]. Since articular cartilage has limitations in self-regenerative potential, these disorders need serial invasive procedures ranging from bone drilling to joint replacement [4]. Given the inherent disadvantages of the above methods, a biological approach, Song Chen is the co-first author. * Ming Pei [email protected] 1
Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV 26506‑9196, USA
2
Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
3
Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
4
WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
cell-based regeneration, has been developed and applied to animal models as well as to human beings [5]. For example, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), described clinically by Brittberg et al. in 1994 [6], has been used widely in the past two decades. ACI could improve clinical scores of patients with cartilage defects; however, no significant superiority was shown compared with other simpler onestage procedures, such as microfracture [1]. Some mesoderm-derived cells (MDCs), such as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), are a promising stem cell source for cartilage engineering and regeneration. Recent literature shows that neural crest-derived cells (
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