Copper Deposition from Its Sulfate Solution onto Titanium Powder with the Simultaneous Mechanical Activation of the Mixt
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TION PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES OF POWDERS
Copper Deposition from Its Sulfate Solution onto Titanium Powder with the Simultaneous Mechanical Activation of the Mixture S. G. Vadchenkoa, *, E. V. Suvorovaa, **, N. I. Mukhinaa, ***, and I. D. Kovaleva, **** a
Institute of Structural Macrokinetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected] ****e-mail: [email protected] Received October 22, 2019; revised December 16, 2019; accepted December 18, 2019
Abstract—To fabricate Cu–Ti composite particles, the method of copper deposition from its sulfate solution on titanium powder particles with the simultaneous mechanical activation (MA) of the mixture in an AGO-2 planetary ball mill for 5 min is used. The CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O concentration in solutions is 10 and 16%, which provides molar ratio Cu/Ti = 0.85 and 1.36, respectively, with the complete reduction of copper. The rapid reduction of copper in the form of highly dispersed partially amorphized powder occurs during MA, and composite particles with a thin laminate structure and high reaction ability are formed. Prepared composites are rinsed and stored in argon because reduced copper possesses high activity and rapidly oxidizes in air to oxide Cu2O. After drying, the additional MA of the mixture is performed for 5 min. Pellets 3 mm in diameter and up to 1.5 mm in height are compacted from prepared powders and heated in argon to 700–1200°C. An intense reaction with heat liberation (heat explosion) and the formation of TiCu, Ti2Cu3, and Ti2Cu intermetallic compounds starts upon sample heating. The critical inflammation temperature for composite powders formed by MA with simultaneous copper deposition from the solution is 480°C, which is 400°C below the inflammation temperature of the usual powder mixture of titanium and copper. The alloy has a dendritic structure at a heating temperature close to the melting point, while, if it is exceeded by more than 100°C, the phase distribution in the alloys becomes more uniform and their size decreases. Keywords: copper deposition, mechanical activation, sintering, titanium–copper intermetallic compounds DOI: 10.3103/S1067821220050144
INTRODUCTION Alloys and mechanical glasses based on titanium possess low density, high strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, and they are of interest for the fabrication of biomaterials. The Ti–Cu alloys, including these in the amorphous state, serve as highly plastic and chemically homogeneous solders, electrode materials in hydrogen production processes, and as a promising material for hydrogen storage [1–8]. Due to these properties, the synthesis of the Ti–Cu alloys by various methods is of interest. One of the most often applied methods of alloy preparation is mechanical alloying attained under high-energy mechanical treatment of metal powder mixtures, or mechanical activation (MA) [8–13]. Composite particles with a laminate struct
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