Creating a Novel Graphene Oxide/Iron/Polylactic Acid Composite that Promotes Dental Pulp Stem Cell Proliferation and Min
- PDF / 650,463 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 432 x 648 pts Page_size
- 0 Downloads / 192 Views
MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.364
Creating a Novel Graphene Oxide/Iron/Polylactic Acid Composite that Promotes Dental Pulp Stem Cell Proliferation and Mineralization Rebecca Isseroff1,2, John Chen2, Zaiff Khan2, Anoushka Guha2, Simon Lin1, Juyi Li1, Kuan-che Fang1, Linxi Zhang1, Marcia Simon3, Miriam Rafailovich1 1
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A.
2
Lawrence High School, Cedarhurst, NY 11516, U.S.A.
3
Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate into bone cells when provided the correct environment, potentially generating cells to repair non-union fractures. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biocompatible polymer for 3-D printing of scaffolds, but DPSCs do not proliferate well on PLA. With the goal of making PLA more conducive for DPSC growth, Graphene Oxide (GO); partially reduced Graphene Oxide (pRGO); GO with iron nanoparticles (FeGO) or Fe-pRGO were incorporated into PLA and spun cast as thin films onto silicon wafers for DPSC plating. DPSCs on Fe-pRGO displayed the fastest doubling time and the highest cell modulus; Fe-pRGO with exterior magnets produced high cell density. SEM demonstrated DPSC mineralization, whereas PLAonly DPSC cultures showed none. Results suggest that PLA/Fe-pRGO and PLA/pRGO enhance DPSC proliferation and possibly differentiation with the potential for use as a 3-D printed scaffold for tissue engineering.
INTRODUCTION “Nonunion” bone fractures, or breaks that fail to heal, occur in 5-10% of all fracture patients [1]. Bone graft surgery is utilized as an option for repair, but allografts run the risk of rejection and autologous extracted bone grafts take a long time to heal due to multiple surgical sites [2]. Bone loss is also generated by periodontal disease, which causes inflammation leading to bone loss around the tooth or teeth that are surrounded by the infected gum. Jaw bone depletion is a major cause of tooth loss in adults [3]. Teeth replaced by dental implants run the risk of infection, injury or damage to the surrounding teeth, and can also cause nerve damage and/or sinus problems [4]. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells which are found in the dental pulp [5]. They are pluripotent and have been shown to differentiate into bone, nerve, and cardiac cells etc., depending on their environment and their substrate. The easy isolation and cryopreservation of DPSCs from extracted third molars or deciduous teeth could provide a source of autologous cells which could regenerate bone in nonunion fractures and/or jaw bone loss [6]. Scaffolds need to be made to cultivate and differentiate DPSCs. Tissue engineers seek to produce surfaces that mimic the extracellular matrix and offer support for the proliferation and differentiation of cells within the scaffold [7]. Polylactic acid (PLA), biodegradable polymer that has received much focus as a synthetic scaffold material for bone fixation devices, can be loaded into a 3D printer t
Data Loading...
