Human Cryptosporidiosis: A Clinical Perspective

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal illness that in humans is most commonly due to infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or C. hominis. It has a world-wide distribution and is associated with both human to human and zoonotic infections, depending on the Crypto

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Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease

Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease

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Simone M. Caccio` • Giovanni Widmer Editors

Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease

Editors Simone M. Caccio` Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases Istituto Superiore di Sanita` Rome, Italy

Giovanni Widmer Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases North Grafton, Massachusetts USA

ISBN 978-3-7091-1561-9 ISBN 978-3-7091-1562-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1562-6 Springer Wien Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954572 © Springer-Verlag Wien 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

It is more than a 100 years since Cryptosporidium parasites were first described by Edward Tyzzer.1 In addition to the initial discovery, two events stand out for having significantly impacted our awareness of these parasites and the diseases they cause. The HIV epidemic and the emergence of cryptosporidiosis as a potentially severe opportunistic infection in people living with AIDS was significant, not only because of the clinical implications but because it motivated a substantial research effort and a desire to better understand these parasites. A second not