Current advances in microalgae-based treatment of high-strength wastewaters: challenges and opportunities to enhance was
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REVIEW PAPER
Current advances in microalgae-based treatment of highstrength wastewaters: challenges and opportunities to enhance wastewater treatment performance Andre´s Torres-Franco . Fabiana Passos Ce´sar Mota . Rau´l Mun˜oz
. Cleber Figueredo
.
Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Microalgae-based technologies, usually configured as high rate algal ponds (HRAP), are efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective alternatives for wastewater treatment due to their high removal efficiencies at low energy demand, ability to recover nutrients and ease of operation. HRAPs and other photobioreactors have been intensively studied in recent years for the treatment of high-strength wastewaters, which are mainly characterised by high and unbalanced (in terms of microalgae requirements) concentrations of organic carbon and nutrients. This review critically evaluated research papers that used microalgae-based systems for the removal of carbon and nitrogen from high-strength wastewaters. These systems can provide removal efficiencies up to 100%
for organic matter and ammonium nitrogen. Relatively large area requirements, high evaporative losses, ammonia inhibition, poor light penetration and scattering, carbon dioxide limitation, and unbalanced nutrient ratios rank among the main current limitations of these technologies. Optimisation strategies, including modifications in bioreactor design and operation, can broaden their full-scale application for the treatment of high strength wastewaters.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09556-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Torres-Franco F. Passos C. Mota (&) Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antoˆnio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] C. Figueredo Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antoˆnio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
R. Mun˜oz Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain R. Mun˜oz Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina s/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain
123
Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol
Graphical Abstract
Keywords High-rate algal ponds High-strength wastewater Microalgae-based technologies Optimisation strategies
1 Introduction High-strength wastewaters, such as agro-industrial wastewaters and anaerobic digestates, typically present high concentrations of pollutants, which exceed those in municipal wastewaters. Larger quantities of high-strength effluents will soon be produced due to the demand for resources of a growing world population (Eliasson 2015). Moreover, anaerobic treatment of organic wastes is gaining more attention
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