Cytotoxicity testing of scaffolds potentially suitable for the preparation of three-dimensional skin substitutes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cytotoxicity testing of scaffolds potentially suitable for the preparation of three-dimensional skin substitutes Miroslava Vittekova´ • Jana Dragu´nˇova´ • Peter Kaba´t • Martina Bozˇikova´ • Dusˇan Bakosˇ Ja´n Koller
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Received: 23 November 2012 / Accepted: 12 January 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract The preparation and study of three-dimensional functional skin substitutes has been the focus of intense research for several decades. Dermal substitutes are now commonly used in medical practice for a variety of applications. Here, we assess the toxicity of seven selected acellular dermal matrix materials to establish their potential for use in future threedimensional skin substitute studies. The cytotoxicity of acellular dermis (of Allo- and Xenograft origin) prepared in our lab and biomaterials based on collagen and hyaluronic acid (Coladerm H and Coladerm H–L) were compared to that seen in three commercially available products (Xe-Derma, AlloDerm and XenoImpl). Murine fibroblasts NIH-3T3 and human dermal fibroblasts were used in cytotoxicity tests, with any resultant cytotoxic effects caused by the seven tested
dermal scaffolds visualised using an inverted microscope system and confirmed in parallel using colorimetric MTT cell proliferation assays. While most of the dermal substitutes did not demonstrate a cytotoxic effect on our two cell types, Xeno and Xeno-Impl scaffolds clearly did. The cytotoxic effect of acellular Xeno dermal matrix could essentially be removed through a regime of multiple washes, but we were unable to remove the cytotoxic effect of Xeno-Impl. Thus, Xeno-Impl alone has been excluded from our future work on preparation of 3D skin substitutes. Keywords Skin substitutes Scaffolds Cytotoxicity 3T3 cells Dermal fibroblasts
Introduction M. Vittekova´ D. Bakosˇ Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia J. Dragu´nˇova´ M. Bozˇikova´ J. Koller Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia P. Kaba´t (&) Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Du´bravska´ Cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia e-mail: [email protected] P. Kaba´t Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
Skin substitutes play a very important role in the treatment of burns and deep wounds. In general, tissue-engineered skin substitute bioconstructs should quickly and reliably cover a skin defect, thereby restoring barrier function and reducing microbiological contamination. They should be easily applicable, show good transition into functional tissue, reduce pain and initiate wound regeneration without triggering excessive/chronic inflammatory responses or rejection of the transplant. Bioconstructs should also lead to minimal wound contracture, minimize scar creation and show a degree of pigmentation resembling normal skin (MacNeil 2007).
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