Design and fabrication of novel core-shell nanoparticles for theranostic applications
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Design and fabrication of novel core-shell nanoparticles for theranostic applications Seyed Mohammad Reza Dadfar 1 & Saeed Pourmahdian 1 & Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi 2,3 & Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar 4 Received: 21 June 2020 / Revised: 25 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were prepared by co-precipitation method, functionalized respectively with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM), and monodispersed by filtration and centrifugation. The vinyl-functionalized monodispersed SPIONs were then coated with a shell of the novel dual-responsive hydrogel having semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) structure. The formulation of this hydrogel, which was designed and synthesized in the previous study, was based on sodium alginate (Alg-Na) polymer and temperature-sensitive Nisopropylacrylamide (NIPAA) and pH-sensitive N-ethylmaleamic acid (NEMA) monomers. Sodium alginate acting as a poreforming agent has a key role in the generation of semi-IPN structure and significantly decreases the time to reach the equilibrium swelling. Totally, two series of core-shell nanoparticles (CSNs) with the same magnetic core and different shell thicknesses were fabricated and exposed to different tests including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), magnetic property evaluations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. The obtained results of these tests revealed that these CSNs have the potential to be used as new theranostic platforms for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy. Keywords Core-shell nanoparticles . Iron oxide nanoparticles . Magnetic properties . MRI . Responsive hydrogel . Theranostic
Introduction Cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the last release of the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) database in September 2018, it was estimated more than 18,000,000 new cases of cancer and more than 9,500,000 deaths from cancer in 2018 for both sexes and all ages. Fortunately, recent advances in various science and technology domains, especially nanoscience and
* Seyed Mohammad Reza Dadfar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3
Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4
Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
nanotechnology, have provided innovative and more effective methods for early diagnosis, imaging, and therapy of this dangerous and deadly disease [1–4]. For an effective cancer treatment, advanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with minimal side effects should be used. An emerging trend in this direction is the use of theranostic agents and approaches
