Detection and characterization of the Isospora lunaris infection from different finch hosts in southern Iran
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PROTOZOOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Detection and characterization of the Isospora lunaris infection from different finch hosts in southern Iran Ehsan Rakhshandehroo 1
&
Fatemeh Fakhrahmad 1 & Jalal Aliabadi 1 & Amir Mootabi Alavi 1 & Mohammad Asadpour 1
Received: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the Isosporoid protozoan infections in finch types. Fecal samples were collected from marketed domestic Java sparrows (Lonchura oryzivora), colored and white Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), and European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) in southern Iran. The coccidial oocysts were recovered and investigated according to the morphological features and the ribosomal gene markers. Additionally, a challenge infection was conducted with 5 × 104 and 5 × 103 sporulated oocysts in four java sparrows to estimate the clinical manifestations. Based on the morphology, the oocysts of Isospora lunaris were identified in all sampled bird types; however, the molecular method revealed the isolates had considerable similarities with some of Isospora and systemic Isospora-like organisms named as Atoxoplasma. Phylogenetic data also constructed an Atoxoplasma/Isospora clade with high sequence identities. High dose of the challenge with the parasite led to severe depression and sudden death, but it did not coincide with remarkable lesions and parasitic invasion in visceral organs. Contrary to molecular results, this feature is consistent with the common Isospora infections in passerines and differs from those described for Atoxoplasma species. Because of the prevalence, possibility of transmission, and clinical consequences, preventive measures are necessary to avoid outbreaks of isosporoid infections among finch type birds. Keywords Isospora . Finch . Ribosomal rRNA gene . Atoxoplasma
Introduction Members of the genus Isospora are the most common coccidian parasites reported from passerine birds (Dolnik 2006). Different species of the parasite have been introduced with a wide distribution in the past (Berto et al. 2011; Schoener et al. 2013). In recent years, some new species have been described using morphological and molecular assays on the sporulated oocysts. Owing to overlapping values for some morphometric characteristics, molecular investigations were involved for diagnosis. In passerine birds, an Isospora-like coccidian parasite, named the Atoxoplasma, was proved to develop an extra-intestinal systemic isosporosis with severe diseases (Levine 1982). Despite differences in pathogenicity, Section Editor: Nawal Hijjawi * Ehsan Rakhshandehroo [email protected] 1
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-69155, Shiraz, Iran
some molecular data have proposed integration of the Atoxoplasma genus in the Isospora group (Schrenzel et al. 2005). According to available information, the ribosomal gene region has received more considerations to classify isosporoid specie
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