Determination and Origin Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Posidonia oceanica Samples around G
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Determination and Origin Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Posidonia oceanica Samples around Gökçeada Esra Billur BALCIOĞLU 1 Received: 10 June 2020 / Revised: 30 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The study was carried out in Gökçeada, located in the North Aegean Sea in 2017, during winter and summer seasons and the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components were determined in P. oceanica type seagrass samples. Total PAH (TPAH) values ranged from 190.8 to 7668.7 ng g−1 dw during the sampling period. In addition, the source of pollution was investigated by using PAH ratios. According to the fluoranthene (FA) /pyrene (PY) ratio in the winter period, the origin of pollution is mostly pyrolytic, while in the summer period, according to the fluoranthene (FA) /pyrene (PY) and benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) /chrysene (CHR) ratio, the pollution origin was found to be petrogenic. Keywords Gökçeada . Posidonia oceanica . PAH . Seagrass . Pollution
Introduction Posidonia oceanica meadows are one of the most efficient ecosystems of coastal waters for production of oxygen by photosynthesis (Hemminga and Duarte 2000). P. oceanica occurs up to a depth of about 40 m. There is a growing interest in the use of organisms (biota) in aquatic ecosystems as a biomonitor for pollution studies (Pergent-Martini and Pergent 2000; Usero et al. 2005). Most of researches are based on the use of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Baumard et al. 1998a, b; Stella et al. 2002; Ancora et al. 2004). Moreover, marine meadows are naturally common in coastal environments (Short et al. 2001) and they have already been adopted for a large number of monitoring studies PCBs (Haynes et al. 2000) and radionuclides (Warnau et al. 1996). Posidonia oceanica is used in many monitoring studies and is considered a logger for environmental and metal pollutants (Malea et al. 1994; Pergent-Martini and Pergent 2000; Ferrat et al. 2002; Ancora et al. 2004; Balestri et al. 2004; Gosselin et al. 2006; Lafabrie et al. 2007; Lopez y Royo et al. 2007; Pergent et al. 2007).
* Esra Billur BALCIOĞLU [email protected] 1
Istanbul University Institute of Marine Sciences and Management Chemical Oceanography Department, 34134 Vefa, İstanbul, Turkey
Among organic pollutants, hydrocarbons generated by land-based sources are more emblematised than those produced by operationally or accident (Benoit and Comeau 2005). For example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated as a result of natural processes (e.g. natural seep), but pollution is mainly human-based. (e.g. transportation, consumption and extraction of petroleum). PAHs are lipophilic and they can pass through lipid membranes and thus into the cells. PAHs among organic pollutants are a major involment due to their stability and potential carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Human-based PAHs may occure petrogenic or pyrogenic origin. Pyrogenic PAHs consist of insufficient organic matter combustion (e.g. wood, coal
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