Determination of 4-Allyl Resorcinol and Chavibetol from Piper betle Leaves by Subcritical Water Extraction Combined with
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Determination of 4-Allyl Resorcinol and Chavibetol from Piper betle Leaves by Subcritical Water Extraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Taysir Abdelrhman Musa & Mohd Marsin Sanagi & Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim & Farediah Ahmad & Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
Received: 25 April 2013 / Accepted: 8 August 2013 / Published online: 22 September 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract A method has been developed for the determination of 4-allyl resorcinol and chavibetol from Piper betle leaves using subcritical water extraction combined with highperformance liquid chromatography. Several important parameters, such as effect of extraction temperature, solvent, particle size, flow rate and duration time of extraction were comprehensively optimized. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2–30 μg/mL, good correlation coefficients 0.9999 for all studies, acceptable reproducibility (RSD 0.16-5.43, n =3), low limit of detection (0.1 μg/mL), satisfactory average recoveries of (92.22 to 111.05 %) from subcritical extraction with water with RSDs of 0.31 to 7.96 %whereas, the average recoveries from subcritical extraction with methanol–water ranged from (96.58 to 110.72) with RSDs of 0.79 to 8.09 %. The method exhibit high extraction yield in range of (1.51 to 34.64 % w/w) obtained from subcritical extraction with water whereas for subcritical extraction with methanol–water the yield obtained in range of (2.08 to 9.06 % w /w). It was found that subcritical extraction with water offered improved extraction efficiency in extraction of the target compounds compared to subcritical extraction with methanol–water. T. A. Musa : M. M. Sanagi : W. A. Wan Ibrahim : F. Ahmad Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia M. M. Sanagi (*) : W. A. Wan Ibrahim Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] H. Y. Aboul-Enein (*) Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12311 Cairo, Egypt e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Determination . 4-Allylresorcinol . Chavibetol . Piper betle leaves . Subcritical water extraction
Introduction Sample preparation is the crucial first step in the analysis of natural product samples, for extraction, separation, and characterization of desired components from the plant material. Thus, the development of modern sample preparation techniques has significant advantages over conventional methods (Huie 2002). Traditionally, several techniques have been used for sample preparation. These techniques have several drawbacks; time-consuming and labor-intensive, introducing potential quantitative errors, using large volume of organic solvents with associated risk for the human health and environment (Mendiola et al. 2007), and having low selectivity and/or low extraction yields (Herrero et al. 2006). Therefore,
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