Development of chitosan beads for controlled release of dexamethasone prepared by co-axial needle method
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Development of chitosan beads for controlled release of dexamethasone prepared by co-axial needle method Melica Zakeri 1 & Hamid Mobedi 1 & Jalal Barzin 2 & Ahmad Jamshidi 1 & Arezou Mashak 1 Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 # The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract Preparation of dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded chitosan beads were developed applying a surface-response methodology. The operational conditions were optimized with the aim of maximizing the loading capacity of Dex. The loading of the drug within the chitosan beads was carried out by ionotropic gelation technique with tetra sodium phosphate (TSP) as cross-linking agent with co-axial method that compared with simple mixing method. The co-axial method included loading of drug during dripping process using two separate syringes, simultaneously. The highest drug loading capacity for beads prepared by mixing and coaxial method was obtained 53% and 98% respectively. The beads were evaluated for surface and bulk morphology using SEM. The beads produced from mixing showed a good spherical shape with a smooth surface but co-axial method led to form a wrinkle surface. Bulk structure of Dex-loaded beads in both preparation methods had several crack regions. The optimized drug-loaded chitosan beads prepared by co-axial method revealed during drug release in the range of 40 to 80 days and percent cumulative drug released was between 25% and 50%. Drug release kinetic study was investigated via fitting with two diffusion-based semiempirical models. Also, the rate constants and diffusion exponent for the drug release were calculated. The drug release was predicted to be Fickian and/ or quasi-Fickian diffusion. Keywords Chitosan . Dexamethasone . Surface response method . Drug delivery systems . Polymeric beads
Introduction The main aim of a sustained drug release system is to improve efficacy and safety of medicines, by gaining release time and decreasing needed multiple dosing. Repeated drug dosing may lead to drug failure and results in poor patient compliance. Thus, in the last four decades, sustained release systems have presented as a new class of pharmaceutical products [1]. Different synthetic or natural polymers have been successfully used to design polymeric drug delivery systems in the shape of nano- and micro-beads. In formulated polymeric beads, entrapped drug between polymer chains can be released slowly and in a controlled manner by diffusion mechanisms. The
* Hamid Mobedi [email protected] 1
Department of Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O.Box:14965/115, Tehran, Iran
drug release from biodegradable polymers can be governed by degradation and erosion of polymer chains. There are several methods to prepare nano-, micro-particles and beads such as ionic cross-linking, drying techniques, ionotropic gelation, coacervation, emulsion solvent diffusion and etc.
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