Development of Exogenous Geological Processes in the Territory of the Republic of Adygea
Exogenous geological processes are variety of geological processes that occur in lithosphere subsurface parts due to external factors impact. The Republic of Adygea geographical position (mountains and plains) determines wide-rage development of exogenous
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Exogenous Geological Processes Classification 3 The Republic of Adygea Territory Exogenous Geological Processes 3.1 Exogenous Geological Processes due to Gravity 3.2 Exogenous Geological Processes due to Surface Waters 3.3 Exogenous Geological Processes due to Groundwaters 4 The Hazard Exogenous Phenomena on the Republic Territory 5 Conclusions References
Abstract Exogenous geological processes are variety of geological processes that occur in lithosphere subsurface parts due to external factors impact. The Republic of Adygea geographical position (mountains and plains) determines wide-rage development of exogenous geological processes: water and wind soil erosion; flood, soil salinization, and water logging; reservoir banks destruction; snowslides; mudflows; landslides; karsts, etc. Keywords Creep, Erosion, Exogenous geological processes, Floods, Karst, Landslide, Mudflow, Rockfalls, Scree, Sedimentation, Snowslide
S. A. Lebedev (*) Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, The Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, The Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] L. A. Korinevich Department of Mineral Resources of the Southern Federal District, Geology and Licensing Department of the Republic of Adygea, Maykop, The Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] Murat K. Bedanokov, Sergey A. Lebedev, and Andrey G. Kostianoy (eds.), The Republic of Adygea Environment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_558, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. A. Lebedev and L. A. Korinevich
1 Introduction Geological processes are divided into two interconnected groups: endogenous (from ancient Greek endon – inside, i.e., born inside) and exogenous (from ancient Greek ex – outside, i.e., born outside). Under exogenous geological processes (EGP), we understand the geological processes variety that undergoes in the lithosphere nearsurface parts mainly influenced by the external factors, though endogenous factors play great part in this processes development [1].
2 Exogenous Geological Processes Classification Among existing general genetic EGP classifications, the most convenient from practical point of view and appropriate to require in estimation of process danger is the classification given in the work [2]. It is based on the EGP study systemic approach (Table 1). There are several hierarchical levels: groups, classes, types, and species. The hierarchical ladder can be continued. In case of need the variety of EGP can be allocated. All EGP variety can be united into seven groups according to (Table 1.) I, climatic and biological factors; II, relief energy (gravity); III, surface waters; IV, groundwaters; V, wind; VI, rocks freezing and thawing; VII, underground space development. Classes are distinguished according to the mechanism of the impact of the main agent conditions; types, due to main EGP manifestation forms, and genetic types reflect the specific features of the processes manifestation (Table 1).
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