Replacement of dietary fish oil with plant oils improves the immunological responses and the antioxidant status in Oreoc
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Replacement of dietary fish oil with plant oils improves the immunological responses and the antioxidant status in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to suboptimal temperature Rasha M. Reda & Amel El Asely & Ayman S. Salah & Mohamed A. Mahmoud Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Here, we investigated the effects of total dietary fish oil (FO) substitution with plant oil (PO) on hematological indices, immune status, antioxidant activity, IL1β and TNF-α gene expression, and hypoxia stress resistance in Oreochromis niloticus at suboptimal temperatures. Fish (n = 360) were randomly divided into 12 circular fiberglass tanks (500 L; 3 replicates for each dietary group, 30 fish/replicate, 90 fish/group). The control group was fed a basal diet with FO as the lipid source. The CO, SFO, and LSO groups were fed a basal diet with complete replacement of FO with corn, sunflower, and linseed oils, respectively. After 4 weeks, no effects on hematological indices were observed in fish fed the experimental diets. The LSO and CO groups showed a significant increase in γ globulin levels. The highest levels of non-specific immune parameters,
R. M. Reda (*) Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharqia 44511, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] A. El Asely Department of Aquatic Animals Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,, Benha University, Benha, Egypt A. S. Salah Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt M. A. Mahmoud Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
antioxidant activity, and IL-1β and TNF-α gene expressions were recorded in the LSO group. The LSO group also exhibited good resistance to hypoxia stress. Therefore, the total dietary substitution of FO with PO (especially LSO and CO) is recommended as a valuable strategy to ameliorate the immunosuppressive effects of suboptimal temperatures and enhance the resistance of O. niloticus to hypoxia stress. Keywords Oreochromis niloticus . Suboptimal temperature . Plant oils . Immunity . Hypoxia stress
Introduction Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an attractive aquaculture fish species due to characteristics such as rapid growth, low production cost, palatability to consumers, and resistance to environmental stressors. O. niloticus is a tropical fish that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 25 to 32 °C (El-Sayed 2019). Temperature is one of the main challenges faced by tilapia producers in subtropical regions due to the large temperature fluctuations between summer and winter (Azaza et al. 2008). The winter decline in temperature results in an imbalance in the physiological and biochemical processes, such as metabolism, immune status, growth performance, and reproduction; early life stages are particularly sensitive to these changes. As a result, fish are more susceptible to infection by oppo
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