Different nitrogen sources change the transcriptome of welan gum-producing strain Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Different nitrogen sources change the transcriptome of welan gum-producing strain Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 Xiaopeng Xu1,2 · Zuoming Nie3 · Zhiyong Zheng1 · Li Zhu4 · Hongtao Zhang1 · Xiaobei Zhan1,2
Received: 28 September 2016 / Revised: 20 March 2017 / Accepted: 24 March 2017 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
Abstract To reveal effects of different nitrogen sources on the expressions and functions of genes in Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555, it was cultivated in medium containing inorganic nitrogen (IN), organic nitrogen (ON), or inorganic–organic combined nitrogen (CN). Welan gum production and bacterial biomass were determined, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the different ATCC 31555 groups were identified, and their functions were analyzed. Welan gum production and bacterial biomass were significantly higher in the ON and CN groups compared with those in the IN group. RNA-seq produced 660 unigenes, among which 488, 731, and 844 DEGs were identified between the IN vs. ON, IN vs. CN, and ON vs. CN groups, respectively. All the DEGs were related significantly to metabolic process and signal transduction. DEGs between the IN vs. CN and ON vs. CN groups were
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-017-1372-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiaobei Zhan [email protected] 1
The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
2
National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
3
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hanghzou 310018, China
4
Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Company, Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
potentially associated with bacterial chemotaxis. Real-time PCR confirmed the expressions of selected DEGs. Organic nitrogen led to higher bacterial biomass and welan gum production than inorganic nitrogen, which might reflect differences in gene expression associated with metabolic process, signal transduction, and bacterial chemotaxis induced by different nitrogen sources. Keywords Welan gum · Sphingomonas · Differentially expressed gene · Transcriptome
Introduction Sphingomonas are a class of gram-negative bacteria characterized by an outer membrane containing glycosphingolipids, but lacking lipopolysaccharides (White et al. 1996). Sphingans, such as gellan, welan, diutan, and rhamsan, are a group of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) secreted by Sphingomonas (Sá-Correia et al. 2002; Coleman et al. 2008; Hagiwara et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2012a). Among these biopolymers, gellan has received more research attention because of its novel properties and industrial applications. However, the potency of other sphingan biopolymers, such as welan gum, should be investigated. Welan gum is produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 (Wang et al. 2012a)
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