Differential effects of three amendments on the immobilisation of cadmium and lead for Triticum aestivum grown on pollut
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Differential effects of three amendments on the immobilisation of cadmium and lead for Triticum aestivum grown on polluted soil Shengze Zhang 1 & Lingtong Quan 2 & Yanping Zhu 1 & Jin Yan 1 & Xiaoman He 1 & Jia Zhang 1 & Xiaoming Xu 1 & Zhubing Hu 3 & Feng Hu 2 & Yahua Chen 1,4 & Zhenguo Shen 1,4 & Yan Xia 1,4 Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Conventional chemical soil amendments and novel material biochars have been widely reported for the immobilisation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in polluted soil. However, information regarding their comparative effectiveness is poor. In the present study, rice husk biochar (RHB) was compared with two chemical soil amendments including hydroxyapatite (HAP) and hydrated lime (HDL) for their effectiveness to enhance plant growth and the reduction of Cd uptake and translocation by Triticum aestivum L. grown in heavy-metal-polluted soil. Compared with control and two chemical soil amendments, RHB rapidly improved wheat growth. The HAP, HDL, and RHB treated plants retained Cd and Pb in roots and restricted their translocation. The RHB treatment had the best effect on growth, yield promotion and the reduction of Cd and Pb in wheat grain. Furthermore, the soils treated with RHB and HAP showed lower DTPA-extracted Cd concentrations, and the maximum reduction was observed in HAP-amended soil. However, the DTPA-extracted Pb concentration was not significantly decreased after the application of two chemical soil amendments for 40 days; the maximum reduction was found in soil treated with RHB for 80 days. In all treatments, Cd in post-harvest soil was mainly present in exchangeable, carbonate bound, and Fe-Mn oxide Cd, while the dominant chemical form of Pb was Fe-Mn oxide Pb. Three soil amendments application decreased exchangeable and organic bound- Cd and Pb levels. HAP and RHB displayed significantly immobilisation for soil Cd and reduced translocation of heavy metal as well as its availability in soil, but the HAP had significant inhibition on growth of wheat in contaminated soil. Therefore, RHB shows a promising potential for the reduction of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation in grains from wheat grown on heavy-metal-polluted soils. Keywords Heavy metal pollution . Immobilisation . Soil amendments . Biochar . Triticum aestivum L
Shengze Zhang and Lingtong Quan contributed equally to this work.
Introduction
Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10079-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yan Xia [email protected] 1
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
3
Department of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
4
Jian
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