Differential impact of some metal(loid)s on oxidative stress, antioxidant system, sulfur compounds, and protein profile
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Differential impact of some metal(loid)s on oxidative stress, antioxidant system, sulfur compounds, and protein profile of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Javed Ahmad 1 & Sadia Qamar 1 & Nida 1 & Faheema Khan 2 & Inamul Haq 1 & Asma Al-Huqail 2 & Mohammad Irfan Qureshi 1 Received: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Levels of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) are increasing in the soils worldwide. Such contaminants cause toxicity in the plant systems which adversely affects growth and productivity. The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate individual and combined effects of As, Cr, and Cu (100 μM each) stress in metal hyper-accumulator plant Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), exposed for a week. The highest accumulation was in the roots and in decreasing order viz. Cu > As > Cr. The magnitude of oxidative stress was maximal in combined stress, followed by As, Cr, and then Cu stress. Glutathione in conjunction with glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase increased in all set of stress treatments, notably when exposed to Cr alone. In addition, the level of sulfur-rich compounds like cysteine, phytochelatins, and non-protein thiols increased under each stress indicating efficient coupling of the enzyme system and sulfur-containing compounds during stress conditions. The highest tolerance or growth index of plants was recorded for Cu. Protein profiling of leaf tissues showed modulation of protein patterns in each stress. Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 isoform X1, RuBisCO (large subunit), and ribosomal protein S3 proteins were more abundant under Cr and Cu stress. Zinc finger A20/ AN1 domain-containing stress-associated protein 5–like protein was more abundant under Cu stress. HSP (15.7 kDa) and autophagy protein 5–like were in higher abundance under As and combined stress. Our results suggest that Indian mustard has a differential mode of defense against a particular stressor at the level of protein expression profile. Keywords Indian mustard . Mass spectrometry . Metal(loid)s . Protein profiling . Sulfur-containing compounds
Asma Al-Huqail and Mohammad Irfan Qureshi contributed equally as corresponding author to this work. Handling Editor: Néstor Carrillo Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01535-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohammad Irfan Qureshi [email protected]
Inamul Haq [email protected]
Javed Ahmad [email protected]
Asma Al-Huqail [email protected]
Sadia Qamar [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110 025, India
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Nida [email protected] Faheema Khan [email protected]
J. Ahmad et al.
Introduction One of the most critical environmental and h
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