Differing effects of inorganic and organic arsenic on uptake and distribution of multi-elements in Rice grain
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Differing effects of inorganic and organic arsenic on uptake and distribution of multi-elements in Rice grain Maozhong Zheng 1,2,3 & Gang Li 3,4
&
Yongle Hu 1,2 & Jerome Nriagu 5 & Eric Fru Zama 3,4
Received: 22 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Arsenic (As) pollution can lead to an element imbalance in rice. A hydroponic study was carried out to examine the influence of inorganic (arsenate) and organic (dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)) arsenic compounds on the concentration and distribution of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) in rice caryopsis at maturity using laser confocal microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). Results showed that treatments with inorganic (iAs) and organic (DMA) arsenic did not change the distribution characteristics of the above elements in rice grains. Fe, Mn, and iAs were mainly limited to the ventral ovular vascular trace, while Cu, Zn, and DMA extended into the endosperm. This implies that milling processes are likely to remove a majority of Fe, Mn, and iAs, but not Cu, Zn, and DMA. With regard to the average fluorescent intensity of the rice endosperm, iAs exposure caused significant reductions in Mn (53%), Fe (40%), Cu (27%), and Zn (74%) while DMA treatments decreased Mn (49%), Fe (37%), and Zn (21%). Compared with DMA, iAs exerted more influence on the reduction of these elements in rice caryopsis. In addition, the elemental analysis revealed a significant 12.7% increase for N and 8% reduction for S in DMA-treated rice caryopsis while a significant decrease of 24.0% for S in iAs-exposed rice caryopsis. These findings suggest that Cu, Zn, and S are more easily impacted by iAs, while N is mostly affected by DMA. Keywords Arsenic . Trace elements . Rice . Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence . Arsenic speciation
Introduction Concentrations of trace metals of rice (Oryza sative L.) are quite important for global health. Recent studies have shown Responsible editor: Gangrong Shi * Gang Li [email protected] 1
College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan Shi 354300, Fujian Province, China
2
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyishan 354300, Fujian, China
3
CAS Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Lab of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
4
Zhejiang Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environmental Observatory and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 361021, China
5
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
that the density of many trace metals in rice has declined worldwide since the 1960s as a result of modern farming practices (Marles 2017). Grains from the most widely cultivated
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