Diversity and distribution of cultivable fungi present in acid sulphate soils in chronosequence under para-periglacial c
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Diversity and distribution of cultivable fungi present in acid sulphate soils in chronosequence under para‑periglacial conditions in King George Island, Antarctica Bárbara Alves Porto1 · Thamar Holanda da Silva1 · Mariana Resende Machado2 · Fábio Soares de Oliveira2 · Carlos Augusto Rosa1 · Luiz Henrique Rosa1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We recovered 85 fungal isolates from the acid sulphate soils in chronosequence under para-periglacial conditions in King George Island, Antarctica. Thirty-two taxa belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota were identified. Mortierella amoeboidea, Mortierella sp. 2, Mortierella sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 2 and Penicillium sp. 3 dominated the sulphite soils. Despite the multi-extreme physic-chemical conditions of the sulphate soils (low pH, variable content of macro and micronutrients and organic matter), the fungal assemblages exhibited moderate diversity indices, which ranged according to the degree of soil development. Soils with more weathered and, consequently, with highest values of organic carbon shelter the most diverse fungal assemblages, which can be associated with the occurrence of sulphurisation and sulphide oxidation. Different taxa of Mortierella and Penicillium displayed broad pH (3–9) and temperature (5–35 °C) plasticity. The multi-extreme sulphite soils of Antarctica revealed the presence of moderate fungal diversity comprising cold cosmopolitan and psychrophilic endemic taxa. Among these, Mortierella and Penicillium, known to survive in extreme conditions such as low temperature and available organic matter, low pH and high concentrations of metals, might represent interesting techniques to be used in biotechnological processes such as bioleaching in metallurgy and phosphate solubilisation in agriculture. Keywords Acid tolerant · Antarctica · Bioleaching · Extremophiles · Phosphate solubilisation · Soils
Introduction Antarctic ecosystems represent unique opportunities for studying taxonomy, ecology, evolution and bioprospecting of different life forms (Rosa et al. 2019). Antarctica is characterised by extreme conditions such as geographic and climatic isolation, low temperatures, low water availability, Communicated by A. Oren. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-020-01195-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Luiz Henrique Rosa [email protected] 1
Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270‑901, Brazil
Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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strong winds and a high incidence of ultraviolet radiation considered unsuitable for majority of life forms (Ruisi et al. 2007). Among the organisms living in Antarctica, microbial communities have demonstrated high capabilities to survive and colonise under various extreme condit
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