Cultivation and diversity analysis of novel marine thraustochytrids
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Cultivation and diversity analysis of novel marine thraustochytrids Lu Lyu1 · Qiuzhen Wang2 · Guangyi Wang1 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © Ocean University of China 2020
Abstract Thraustochytrids are a group of unicellular marine heterotrophic protists, and have long been known for their biotechnological potentials in producing squalene, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and other bioactive products. There are less than a hundred known strains from diverse marine habitats. Therefore, the discovery of new strains from natural environments is still one of the major limitations for fully exploring this interesting group of marine protists. At present, numerous attempts have been made to study thraustochytrids, mainly focusing on isolating new strains, analyzing the diversity in specific marine habitats, and increasing the yield of bioactive substances. There is a lack of a systematic study of the culturable diversity, and cultivation strategies. This paper reviews the distribution and diversity of culturable thraustochytrids from a range of marine environments, and describes in detail the most commonly used isolation methods and the control of culture parameters. Furthermore, the perspective approaches of isolation and cultivation for the discovery of new strains are discussed. Finally, the future directions of novel marine thraustochytrid research are proposed. The ultimate goal is to promote the awareness of biotechnological potentials of culturable thraustochytrid strains in industrial and biomedical applications. Keywords Thraustochytrids · Bioactive substances · Culturable diversity · Cultivation strategies · Perspective isolation approaches
Introduction With the aggravation of global energy crises and climate changes, the demand for and exploitation of renewable fuels and bioactive substances from marine micro-organisms have been intensified (Chang et al. 2012; Singh et al. 2014). Thraustochytrids are a group of unicellular marine heterotrophic protists. They have gained increasing attention SPECIAL TOPIC: Cultivation of the uncultured microorganisms. Edited by Chengchao Chen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00069-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Guangyi Wang [email protected] 1
Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
2
because they ferment a diverse range of substrates to produce omega-3 PUFAs [e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], squalenes and carotenoids, which have wide applications in neutraceutical and cosmetic industries. Furthermore, the biomass of thraustochytrids may be used as feed for marine fish and poultry to improve the quality of the products (Burja et al. 2006; Singh et al. 2014; Ueda et al. 2015). Moreover, thraustochytrids have been found to
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