Dose-response meta-analysis of arsenic exposure in drinking water and intelligence quotient
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Dose-response meta-analysis of arsenic exposure in drinking water and intelligence quotient Mahsa Hasanvand 1 & Rasool Mohammadi 2 & Nahid Khoshnamvand 1,3 & Ali Jafari 1 & Hossein Safari Palangi 4 & Yaser Mokhayeri 5 Received: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Objectives Exposure to inorganic arsenic through drinking water is a threat for public health. Using the arsenic-containing water in the long-term causes a variety of skin diseases, high blood pressure, and skin cancer. Arsenic also damages the nervous system. A wide range of studies have studied the effect of arsenic in drinking water on the level of intelligence in children. Methods For the purpose of our research, we searched three electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline (PubMed) in English from 2000 to January 2018. We used the dose-response meta-analysis through applying random effect models in order to estimate the pooled association (with a 95% uncertainty) between water arsenic concentration and intelligence level. Results Using a two-stage random effect model to investigate the dose-response association between arsenic concentration and Intelligence Quotient scale, we estimated a significant linear association as −0.08 (95% CI: −0.14, −0.01). Actually, for each unit increase in arsenic concentration (one microgram per liter), intelligence quotient scale decreases by 0.08%. Conclusions Considering the significance of the relationship between arsenic concentration in drinking water and the level of intelligence quotient as an important factor in training, the level of arsenic and its associated risks should be decreased in water resources. Keywords Arsenic . Dose-response . Intelligence quotient . Drinking water
Introduction Arsenic is a natural element of earth’s crust found in the soils, rocks, natural water, air and living organisms [28]. Arsenic
* Nahid Khoshnamvand [email protected] * Yaser Mokhayeri [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
can be released into water and soils naturally via weathering reactions, microbiological activity, and volcanic eruptions. It can also be released from a wide range of anthropogenic activities, including mining activities, metal processing and using arsenical pesticides and fertilizers [3, 27]. Drinking water is the main source of human exposure to arsenic [4]. Arsenic in drinking water is a s
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