Effect of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) on immunity of Sesamia cretica Lederer larvae
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) on immunity of Sesamia cretica Lederer larvae Reza Sadeghi 1 & Nilufar Hadizadeh Raeisi 1 & Arsalan Jamshidnia 1 Received: 1 August 2019 / Revised: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract The aim of the present research was study of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) effects on Sesamia cretica Lederer cellular immune response. When a pathogen enters into insect hemocoel, hemocytes are engaged in removing non-self-target. Prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids are known as the main circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph of larvae. The highest number of total hemocytes, plasmatocyte and granulocyte were observed at 24 h postinoculation of B. bassiana spore suspension while, maximum number of nodules were observed at 48 h post- inoculation. The highest level of spore phenol-oxidase activity was observed at 72 h post spore inoculation. Our finding opens new insights in immune response of S. cretica in infection by B. bassiana. Keywords Hemocytes . Sesamia cretica . Cellular immune response . Beauveria bassiana
Introduction The corn pink borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the major pests of maize in Iran, with severe attacks on early plantations in June, when the first generation of adults emerges after larval hibernation. It also is the major pest of sugarcane and causes heavy losses in sugarcane crops and considerable reduction in sugar recovery (Askarianzadeh et al. 2008). Insects defend themselves against microbial infection by several defensive phenomena or pathways known as immune responses (Khosravi et al. 2014). These responses are divided into two classes: cellular reactions, including phagocytosis, nodule formation and encapsulation, and humeral reactions, including synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, reactive metabolites and activation of phenol-oxidase cascade (Lavine and Strand 2002; Soderhall and Cerenius 1998; Schmid-Hempel 2005). Insect hemocytes are important mediators of cellular defense reactions (Hazarika and Gupta 1987; Kurtz and Sauer 2001) in which prohemocytes, plasmotocytes, granulocytes, and oenocytoids are the most common hemocyte types (Gupta 1985). Inherent
* Arsalan Jamshidnia [email protected] 1
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
variability of hemocytes within each species depends on the developmental and physiological stages of the insect (Sanjayan et al. 1996; Beetz et al. 2008). Fungal pathogens may affect defense responses of insects via a series of integrated progressing from spore adherence to germination, penetration, growth and extension within the body of the host, resulting in mortality within insect populations (Hajek and Leger 1994; Hegedus and Khachatourians 1996). Phenol-oxidase (PO) is known as a key factor in immunity and plays a major role in clotting, melanization, and wound treatment (Soderhall and Cer
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