Effect of Biochar on Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Productivity of Cardoon Crop ( Cynara cardunculus L.)
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Effect of Biochar on Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Productivity of Cardoon Crop (Cynara cardunculus L.) Paulo Barracosa 1,2 & Isabel Cardoso 1 & Francisco Marques 1 & António Pinto 1,2 & Jorge Oliveira 1,2 & Henrique Trindade 2 & Pedro Rodrigues 1 & José L. S. Pereira 1,2 Received: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 March 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Cardoon could be cropped for agro-environmental, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of biochar on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), and productivity of cardoon crop. A pot experiment was run outdoors from April to August 2018, with a cardoon plant per pot. The following four treatments, with four replicates each, were applied: control, soil only; mineral, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2); biochar, soil amended with biochar (1 kg m−2); and mineral+biochar, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2) and biochar (1 kg m−2). The morphological characteristics and biomass production of cardoon plants were evaluated, and the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured by using the closed chamber technique. The application of biochar combined with mineral reduced N2O emissions by 36% and global warming potential (GWP) by 26% relative to mineral. However, the cumulative CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as yield-scaled GWP were not significantly different among amended soil treatments. Furthermore, the biomass production was increased by 50% by the application of biochar combined with mineral fertilizer relative to mineral. It was concluded that biochar combined with mineral fertilizer is recommended as a pathway mitigation for agro-environmental purposes, because it reduces the global warming potential and could increase the biomass production of cardoon plants. Keywords Biochar . Methane . Nitrous oxide . Plant biomass . Yield-scaled GWP
Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance DW Total plant dry weight (g) GHG Greenhouse gas GWP Global warming potential H Plant height (cm) HLB Height of lower branch (mm) ID Inflorescence diameter (mm) IDW Inflorescence dry weight (g) IL Inflorescence length (mm) LDW Leaf dry weight (g) NI Number of inflorescences NPR Number of primary ramifications
* José L. S. Pereira [email protected] 1
Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Quinta da Alagoa, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
2
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
NS NSR SDB SDT SDW TAW TFW TNI
Number of stems Number of secondary ramifications Stem diameter at the base (mm) Stem diameter at the top (mm) Stem dry weight (g) Total achene dry weight (g) Total flower dry weight (g) Total number of inflorescences
1 Introduction Cardoon could be cultivated in Mediterranean climatic conditions as a non-food agricultural crop for a wide range of uses. Previous studies reported that cardoon crop has the potential to grow in regions with low rainfall a
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