Diagnose of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Communities Associated to Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis and var. sylv
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Diagnose of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Communities Associated to Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis and var. sylvestris Agustina Fernández Di Pardo1,2 · Micaela Mancini2,3,4 · Vanina Cravero2,4 · María Lourdes Gil‑Cardeza2,4 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cynara cardunculus L. is a perennial species with high potential for bioenergy production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMF) is probably the terrestrial symbiosis most extended on earth. It presence in roots and soils improves plant nutrition and soil quality. Indigenous AMF have developed a variety of modifications to survive in their habitat and thus could serve as potential inoculants for the implantation of plant species in the respective AMF soil habitat. This work aimed to diagnose the status of the AMF symbiosis associated to two cardoon cultivars after a year of growth in a saline soil and in a conventional farming soil. For that purpose we determined AMF parameters in 4 rhizospheric soils and in roots of the cardoon varieties. We found that: (1) the rhizosphere of C. cardunculus var. altilis positively influenced the extraradical mycelium development in the saline soil, (2) the inorganic fertilization history of the conventional farming soil could have had a negative effect on the AMF community and, (3) the intraradical mycelium (IRM) development was extremely low. Our diagnosis suggests that, in order to improve the positive effects of AMF on cardoon growth and soil quality, efforts should be focused on the development of the IRM. In a boarder sense, the implementation of a diagnosis of indigenous AMF communities as a general agronomic practice could become an useful tool to farmers that are willing to potentiate the benefits of AMF on plant growth and soil quality.
Introduction Cynara cardunculus L. is a member of the Asteraceae family, native to Mediterranean countries. It is a perennial species with three botanical varieties, C. cardunculus L. var. altilis (domestic cardoon), C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (wild cardoon) and C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke). Wild cardoon, normally considered a weedy
* María Lourdes Gil‑Cardeza [email protected] 1
Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (CONICET-UBA), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP: 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
2
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias – UNR. Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123 Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
3
Consejo de Investigación de la UNR (CIUNR), Maipú 1065, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
4
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (CONICET-UNR) Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123 Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
plant, can remain in production for 10–15 years and can grow on soils with low moisture content. The two other C. cardunculus varieties, domestic cardoon and glo
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