Effect of Citrus limonum essential oil against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius and its chemical composition, biolog
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of Citrus limonum essential oil against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius and its chemical composition, biological activities and energy reserves Salima Guettal 1,2 & Samir Tine 2 & Kaouther Hamaidia 2,3
&
Fouzia Tine-Djebbar 2 & Noureddine Soltani 2
Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Stored grains could lose substantially their nutritional quality, and consequently its value, between storage and consummation because of insect’s infestation. One of the most frequent pests of wheat is the grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.). Cleverly hidden, the immature stages of this destructive pest are very difficult to identify. Protecting stored grains has become an agricultural challenge. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) distillated from Citrus limonum (L.) (Burm. F., 1768) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 47 compounds with (Z)-citral (30.74%), dl-limonene (19.81%) and geranyl propionate (16.28%) as major components. In a second series of experiment, its fumigant (using filter paper), repellent (by semi circles joined discs) and residual (persistent insecticidal activity) activities were examined against Sitophilus granarius (L.) adults. The total nutrition (carbohydrates and lipids) depletion index (NDI) was also calculated. Residual toxicity and repellency of EO were demonstrated after fumigation against S. granarius with a dose-response relationship. The effectiveness of EO was exposure time dependent and its residual activity persisted up to 30 h following mortality. Moreover, data showed that treatment of S. granarius adults had adverse effects on the depletion of their energy reserves. C. limonum EO declined the lipid and carbohydrate contents in adults. Obtained data prove that botanical essential oils could be considered as potent biorational alternatives to synthetic insecticides for pest control of stored products in a sustainable manner. Keywords Sitophilus granarius . Citrus limonum . Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) . Fumigant toxicity . Repellency . Persistence
Introduction Economy is continuously harmed by infestation of stored pests (Özberk 2018). Developing countries are mostly affected by crop pests infestation (Hengsdijk and de Boer 2017; Kumar and Kalita 2017). Several recent studies were
* Kaouther Hamaidia [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Water and Environment, Larbi Tebessi University, 12000 Tébessa, Algeria
2
Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Badji Mokhtar University, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
3
Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, 41000 Souk-Ahras, Algeria
conducted to decrease these adverse effects and prevent food insecurity (Abass et al. 2018). There are 1663 insect species associated with stored products (Hagstrum and Subramanyam 2016). These pests could change the storage microenvironment, which makes it more likely suitable for the rapid developm
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