Cobalt molybdate nanorods decorated on boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride sheets for electrochemical sensing of furazo
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cobalt molybdate nanorods decorated on boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride sheets for electrochemical sensing of furazolidone Balasubramanian Sriram 1 & Jeena N. Baby 2 & Sea-Fue Wang 1 & Mani Govindasamy 1 R. Jothiramalingam 3
&
Mary George 2 &
Received: 19 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A nanorod-like structured CoMoO4 embedded on boron doped-graphitic carbon nitride composite (CoMoO4/BCN) has been developed by a simple sonochemical method for electrochemical detection of furazolidone (FUZ). Interestingly, the impedance of CoMoO4/BCN fabricated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) possesses a lower resistance charge transfer (Rct), which favors superior electrochemical detection of FUZ. Such CoMoO4/BCN/SPCE exhibits an ultralow detection limit of 1.6 nM with a concentration range of 0.04–408.9 μM, and high sensitivity of 11.6 μA μM−1 cm−2 by DPV method. In addition, biological and water samples were used for demonstration of practical application of CoMoO4/BCN/SPCE towards electrochemical detection of FUZ, and the result exhibits a satisfactory recovery. Keywords Inorganic material . Electrochemical detection . Nitrofurans . Screen-printed carbon electrode
Introduction Furazolidone (FUZ), an antibiotic that belongs to the group of nitrofurans [1], presents a destructive impact on the environment, as a consequence of its wide clinical and veterinary use [2]. The complexity and persuasiveness of FUZ
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04590-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sea-Fue Wang [email protected] * Mani Govindasamy [email protected] * Mary George [email protected] 1
Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
2
Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College, Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600086, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Surfactant Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
contamination are exposed by its detrimental effects, such as the instigation of imbalance in the food chain, environmental pollution, and emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and superbugs [3, 4], thus affecting all spheres of life. The fatal side effects such as liver damage, tumor formation, mutations, and cancer [3, 4] on prolonged exposure in humans owing to the formation of the reactive species (RNO2−•), the nitro-free radicals formed through a reversible one-electron transfer manner of the nitro group, mark it an enormously hazardous cytotoxic drug [5]. These circumstances urge the need to develop a precisely cost-effective and straightforward method for the determination of FUZ in real samples for its effective monitoring [6, 7]. Various techniques like LC-MS/MS, HPLC, spectrophotome
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