Effective Seed Priming Methods Improving Germination and Emergence of Sugar Beet Under Low-Temperature Stress
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effective Seed Priming Methods Improving Germination and Emergence of Sugar Beet Under Low-Temperature Stress Mehmet Demir Kaya1
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Engin Go¨khan Kulan1
Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 May 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract Low soil temperature causes delayed and unsynchronized germination, emergence, and seedling growth, which increases the probability of seedling diseases and weed infestation during stand establishment of sugar beet. In this study, different seed priming methods (control, hydration, aerated hydration, preconditioning, GA3, KNO3, and kinetin) were examined to promote the germination, emergence, and seedling growth performance of sugar beet seeds under low temperatures (10 °C and 18 °C) and optimum (25 °C) conditions. Results showed that seed treatments gave higher germination, emergence, and seedling length along with shorter mean time to germination and emergence than unprimed seeds at low and optimum temperatures. However, a suitable seed treatment at low and optimum temperature was different. Preconditioning gave better results than the control seeds, while it was not superior to other seeds treatments. At 10 °C, emergence percentage increased from 37.0% in unprimed seeds to 99.5% in seeds treated with 1% of KNO3. The lower temperature resulted in delaying the mean time to germination and emergence. Aerated hydration was found to be most suitable method for enhancement of germination and seedling growth at all temperatures. It was concluded that 8–16 h of hydration with aeration or 1% of KNO3 should be recommended for enhancement of emergence and seedling growth of sugar beet under low temperature compared to other treatments.
& Mehmet Demir Kaya [email protected] 1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskis¸ ehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
Keywords Beta vulgaris L. Hydration Aeration KNO3 Cold temperature
Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the most important crop for sugar production in Turkey (Kulan and Kaya 2016). It is mainly cultivated under Central Anatolian conditions, and approximately 70% of the total sowing area takes place in this region, where climatic conditions are characterized by hard winters and temperate summers. The vegetation period for sugar beet production is limited due to late spring frost and early autumn snowfall (Er and Uranbey 2003; Anonymous 2020). In order to increase beet yield and sugar content of sugar beet, farmers tend to sow it earlier to extend the length of growing duration regardless of cold and frost damage. In early planting, low soil temperature inhibits germination, emergence, and ultimately poor seedling establishment. Seed treatments have been considered as an option for improving vigorous germination and stand establishment of at low-temperature stress because they have been successfully used for various abiotic stresses, especially salt, drought, and high and low temperatures (Milosˇevic et al. 2010). In sugar beet, the application of GA3 al
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