Growth analysis of rhizomania infected and healthy sugar beet
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2014 (June) 17 (2) : 59~69 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-013-0116-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Growth Analysis of Rhizomania Infected and Healthy Sugar Beet Javad Rezaei1,2, Mohammad Bannayan1,*, Ahmad Nezami1, Mohsen Mehrvar1, Bagher Mahmoodi2 Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran Sugar Beet Seed Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 31585-4114 Karaj, Iran
1 2
Received: October 8, 2013/ Revised: December 3, 2013/ Accepted: February 4, 2014 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2013
Abstract Viral disease of rhizomania is one of the most important diseases of sugar beet all over the world. The disease significantly has reduced the yield and quality of sugar beet, and has imposed high economic loss to farmers. Long-term breeding programs to introduce tolerant cultivars are the only chance of avoiding further yield losses. This study tried to measure and analyze the growth of shoots and roots of rhizomania-tolerant and -susceptible sugar beet with the aim of providing information for modeling of the rhizomania effects on the growth of sugar beet. Growth indices were used for analyzing, quantification, and time-course of sugar beet growth under infested and non-infested soils conditions. A 2-year experiment was conducted using four sugar beet cultivars in 2010 and 2011 in Mashhad, Iran. The results of this study showed that under infested soils, root dry matter and leaf area index of the susceptible cultivars in comparison to tolerant cultivars were lower by 57 and 24%, respectively. In addition, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate of susceptible cultivars were affected by rhizomania and were lower than in tolerant cultivars. On non-infested soil, the difference between dry matter and growth indices of susceptible and tolerant sugar beet cultivars was not significant. Rhizomania decreased green area and photosynthesis capacity and led to lower growth rate and dry matter production. Our study quantified the growth of rhizomania-infested sugar beet plants in comparison with non-infested plants and provided information to be used for modeling of the rhizomania effects on the growth of sugar beet. Key words: beet necrotic yellow vein virus, Beta vulgaris L., growth indices, sugar beet growth curves, thermal time
Introduction Globally, rhizomania is one of the most important diseases in sugar beet farms (Lennefors et al. 2005; Tamada 1999) that significantly reduces the yield and quality of sugar beet and imposes a high economic loss to farmers. The virus causing rhizomania disease is Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) (Tamada and Baba 1973). A parasitic fungal vector, Polymyxa betae Keskin causes transition of the virus in soil (Fujisawa and Sugimoto 1976). Without efficient control procedures, rhizomania causes a severe reduction in root sugar yield and purity (Darabi and Rezaei 2008; Tamada 1999). The existence of resting spores for a long time in the soil fails the cultural measures and chemical controls to succeed. Rhizomania incidence and severit
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