Biotechnological applications of sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Biotechnological applications of sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses Ghulam Mustafa 1
&
Muhammad Arshad 2 & Ijaz Bano 2 & Mazhar Abbas 2
Received: 13 September 2020 / Revised: 30 October 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses represent the by-product materials, obtained following the processing of sugarcane and sugar beet, respectively. Both substrates comprise complex lignocellulosic carbon-containing compounds that can be used as low-cost energy sources for microbial growth and production of microbial metabolites under different fermentation conditions. Sugarcane bagasse and sugar beet molasses can be used as ideal substrates for microbial processes because of their plentiful availability. Improved substrate utilization often resulted from a pretreatment process by various microbes. Recently, the utilization of bagasse and beet molasses is gaining momentum as alternative substrates for the manufacture of high valued products such as enzymes, protein-enriched animal feed, amino acids, organic acids, and antibiotics. Several species of bacteria, yeast, and fungi grown on these low-cost substrates are famous for the production of antibiotics and enzymes. They offer many advantages over the traditional carbon sources. Moreover, the consumption of bagasse and beet molasses will tremendously enhance the productivity resources required for human sustainability. This review covers the industrial applications of bagasse and beet molasses with special reference to their potential significance as efficient substrates for the derivation of biochemicals. Keywords By-products . Lignocellulose . Pretreatment . Biochemicals . Biotechnology . Fermentation
1 Introduction Cellulose, a fibrous, tough, and hydrophobic substance, is the major constituent of cell wall surrounding the plant cell [1]. Approximately more than half of the plant tissues comprise of cellulose [2] which consistently being stocked up by photosynthesis. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is the residual substance of sugarcane stems left over after pulling out of the liquid [3]. Approximately 270–280 kg of bagasse is produced from each ton of processed sugarcane [4]. The sugar industry uses this agro-residue as a fuel for boilers to fulfill their energy needs. Nowadays, trend for efficient utilization of the agro-industrial by-products [5] is on the rise together with saving of sugarcane bagasse via cogeneration technology [6, 7]. Sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) is primarily composed of * Ghulam Mustafa [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, (Jhang-Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
cellulose that is the utmost and frequent organic base for food, fuel, and chemicals. But the utility of bagasse depends upon the extraction of cellulose and its subsequent hydrolysis into glucose [8]. The SCB contains glucan 33.5–55%, he
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