Effects of air-exposure time on water relations, longevity, and aquaporin-related gene expression of cut roses

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RESEARCH REPORT

Effects of air-exposure time on water relations, longevity, and aquaporin-related gene expression of cut roses Suong Tuyet Thi Ha1 · Toan Khac Nguyen1 · Jin Hee Lim1 Received: 8 January 2020 / Revised: 23 September 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Korean Society for Horticultural Science 2020

Abstract In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of air-exposure treatment on water relations, longevity, and aquaporin-related gene expression of cut ‘Wild Look’ roses (Rosa hybrida L.). After harvest, cut rose flowers were placed directly in the tap water (exposed to air for 0 h) or exposed to air for 1, 2, or 3 h and then placed in tap water to recover. We determined the effects of air-exposure time on vase life, water relations, morphological and physiological characteristics, bacterial contamination, and on the expression of aquaporin-related gene of cut flowers. Our results revealed that cut flowers exposed to air for 0 h exhibited a highest postharvest quality. Exposure to air for 3 h significantly decreased the postharvest quality of cut flowers cultivated year-round owing to the early failure of water relations, such as maintaining a positive water balance for a short duration, high transpiration under dark conditions, and bacterial proliferation. Notably, in autumn or winter, exposure to air for 1 and 2 h also decreased vase life of cut roses. Exposure to air for 0 h reduced bacterial population at the basal of cut stem ends, decreased water stress, and maintained leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of cut roses cultivated year-round. Exposure to air for 0 h prevented water stress in cut flowers and increased the transcript levels of Rh-PIP2;1 and Rh-TIP in petals, resulting in maintained cell turgor of petals and improved flower diameter of cut roses. Understanding the relationship between air-exposed time and water relations, longevity, and aquaporin-related gene expression of cut roses may help to develop techniques and distribution systems to improve the vase life of cut roses. Keywords  Dry harvest · Postharvest quality · Rose aquaporin gene · Vase life · Water stress · Wet harvest

1 Introduction Roses (Rosa hybrida L.) have been considered one of the most important ornamental crops in the floriculture industry for centuries. However, rose flowers often lose their postharvest longevity at a primary stage of maturity due to the bent neck, leaf/petal shedding, leaf/petal wilting, and discoloration (Zieslin 1989; Mayak 1980). During harvest and transportation, water deficit stress is one of the main factors influencing on flower quality such as incomplete flower opening, flower wilting, bending of peduncles, and petal abscission (Reid 2009). The short vase life and decrease in postharvest quality cause a marked decline in the exportation Communicated by Jinwook Lee, Ph.D. * Jin Hee Lim [email protected] 1



Department of Plant Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea

of cut flowers (Reid 2005). Previous studies have shown that transportation of dry cut flowers in cartons a