Effects of homocysteine on adipocyte differentiation and CD36 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of homocysteine on adipocyte differentiation and CD36 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes Ahmet Mentese 1 & Ahmet Alver 1 & Aysegul Sumer 2 & Selim Demir 3
Received: 3 September 2015 / Accepted: 13 December 2015 # The International CCN Society 2015
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of homocysteine (Hcy), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke and obesity, on expression of CD36 that regulates uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) by adipocytes and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, and density of triglycerides were measured with Oil Red O staining. The expression levels of CD36 were analyzed using SYBR green assay by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results showed that the addition of Hcy inhibited differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without a significant cell toxicity (p < 0.05). Percentage CD36 gene expression increased in the Hcy treatment groups, but not statistically significantly (p > 0.05) compared to differentiated adipocytes. Hcy reduced adipocyte differentiation, but had no effect on the expression level of CD36 in vitro conditions. The effect of Hcy on uptake and clearance of Ox-LDL by adipose tissue now needs to be investigated in vivo. Keywords Adipocytes . CD36 . Homocysteine . Oxidized low-density lipoprotein . 3T3-L1 cells
* Ahmet Mentese [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
2
Department of Nursing, School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
3
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
Abbreviations Hcy Homocysteine Ox-LDL Oxidized low-density lipoprotein IBMX Isobutylmethyl xanthine PPARγ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma C/EBPα CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha
Introduction CD36, an 88 kDa glycoprotein, is a class B scavenger receptor. It is expressed in many cells such as, platelets, monocytes, macrophages, capillary endothelial cells and adipocytes. Studies with CD36 transferred human epithelial kidney cells have demonstrated that CD36 is an oxidized LDL receptor by revealing a specific Ox-LDL binding capacity of CD36 (Endemann et al. 1993). It has a high affinity for Ox-LDL. The Ox-LDL binding and uptake capacity of CD36 is thought to regulate transformation of macrophages to foam cells. CD36 is expressed in adipocytes, but mechanisms and factors that regulate uptake and degradation of Ox-LDL by adipocytes have not been fully identified (Zhao et al. 2004). Adipocytes take and reduce Ox-LDLs by CD36 from circulation under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Adipose tissue is described as a buffering pool for circulating cholesterol. This makes adipose tissue a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis (Wu and Zhao 2006). Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid produced during methionine meta
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