Transcriptional Factors of Thermogenic Adipocyte Development and Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes From Stem Cell
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Transcriptional Factors of Thermogenic Adipocyte Development and Generation of Brown and Beige Adipocytes From Stem Cells Thi-Tuong Van Nguyen 1,2 & Vuong Van Vu 1,2 & Phuc Van Pham 1,2,3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Brown and beige adipocytes have been widely known for their potential to dissipate excessive energy into heat form, resulting in an alleviation of obesity and other overweight-related conditions. This review highlights the origins, characteristics, and functions of the various kinds of adipocytes, as well as their anatomic distribution inside the human body. This review mainly focuses on various essential transcriptional factors such as PRDM16, FGF21, PPARα, PPARγ and PGC-1α, which exert their effects on the development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes via important pathways such as JAK-STAT, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, this review will underline promising strategies to generate an unexhausted source of thermogenic adipocytes differentiated from human stem cells. These exogenous thermogenic adipocytes offer therapeutic potential for improvement of metabolic disorders via application as single cell or whole tissue transplantation.
Keywords Beige adipocyte . Brown adipocyte . Brown adipocyte differentiation . Development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes . Therapeutic thermogenesis . Thermogenic adipocyte Abbreviations ADSC adipose derived stem cell ATP adenosine triphosphate BA brown adipocytes BAT brown adipose tissue BMI body mass index BM-MSC bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell hESC human embryonic stem cell hiPSC human induced pluripotent stem cell MPC mesenchymal progenitor cell MSC mesenchymal stem cell
* Phuc Van Pham [email protected]; [email protected] Thi-Tuong Van Nguyen [email protected] Vuong Van Vu [email protected] 1
Stem Cell Institute, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
2
Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
3
Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
UCB-MSC WA WAT
umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell white adipocytes white adipose tissue
Introduction Over the last few decades, brown adipocytes have received much attention for their therapeutic capacity – dissipating excessive energy into the form of heat, which consequently leads to an improvement in systemic metabolism. Brown fat is widely known for its capacity to protect infants from losing heat after birth via facilitation of non-shivering thermogenesis. It is believed that brown fat mass tends to decrease along with aging and mostly disappears in adulthood. After the discovery that brown adipose tissue (BAT) can also be found in adult humans, the term “therapeutic thermogenesis” has regained much interest [1, 2]. BAT with its exceptional characteristic of converting energy into heat has provided some new insights on how to regulate systemic metabolism in the
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