Effects of long-term zinc smelting activities on the distribution and health risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of long-term zinc smelting activities on the distribution and health risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Guizhou province, China Feng Chen . Qian Wang . Fanli Meng . Miao Chen . Bing Wang
Received: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract To assess the effect of zinc smelting on environment and human health, the concentration, distribution, sources and health risk of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, and As) were investigated from agricultural soils in a long-term Zn smelting area in Guizhou, China. Different health risk assessment methods and models were used to access health risks. The results show that the concentrations of all the eight heavy metals were significantly higher than their corresponding background values (p \ 0.05). Pb, Cd, and As were the most contaminated elements, with 93.6%, 90.3% and 48.4% of agricultural soil samples higher than the risk screening values, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, and As could be mainly accounted for Zn smelting activities, while Cr and Ni may
be generally more controlled by natural sources. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) suggested that the most seriously contaminating heavy metals were Pb, Cd, and Zn, with 96.8%, 90.3%, and 96.8%, respectively, of the soil samples classified as moderately to extremely contaminated. The non-carcinogenic health risk associated with Pb, Cd and As were observed for children, meanwhile, the carcinogenic risk due to As was found for both adults and children. Regardless of cancer risk or noncancer risk, local children are at greater risk than adults. Therefore, Pb, Cd and As play the leading role to cause potential health risks in the study area, which need to be paid more attention and also effective control measures should be taken.
F. Chen College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
B. Wang Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
Q. Wang School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
B. Wang Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
F. Meng Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China M. Chen B. Wang (&) College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China e-mail: [email protected]
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Environ Geochem Health
Keywords Heavy metals Agricultural soil Zinc smelting Distribution Health risk Guizhou province
Introduction Zinc smelting is the dominant anthropogenic sources of heavy metal pollution (Bi et al. 2006; Li et al. 2008; Zheng et al. 2010; Yang et al. 2011; Ray and Datta 2017). During the smelting process, heavy metals are discharged into the air, soil, water, and plants, and ultimately tra
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