Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils of the flood plain of the Seversky Donets River (Russia) based on geostati
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils of the flood plain of the Seversky Donets River (Russia) based on geostatistical methods Vitaly G. Linnik . Tatiana V. Bauer . Tatiana M. Minkina Saglara S. Mandzhieva . Mahmoud Mazarji
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Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM) is a worldwide problem for human health. To reduce risk to human health from exposure to toxic chemicals associated with soil contamination, it is necessary to monitor and assess HM concentrations in the soil for places where the concentration exceeds the acceptable levels. Spatial patterning is a necessary tool for assessment of the exposure risk of HM contamination. Soil sampling (n=65) was carried out in technogenically polluted soils located at Rostov oblast to study the content and spatial distribution of four HM (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) in the surface layer (0– 20 cm) of the impact zone of former Lake Atamanskoe (floodplain of the Seversky Donets River valley, Rostov region) with an area of 3.91 km2. Extremely high values of HM concentrations were found with the maximum values of 702 mg/kg, 72,886 mg/kg, 2300 mg/kg, 259 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr,
V. G. Linnik (&) Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 19., Moscow, Russian Federation 119991 e-mail: [email protected] T. V. Bauer Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation 344006 T. M. Minkina · S. S. Mandzhieva · M. Mazarji Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation 344006
respectively. Inverse distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to prepare 3D monoelement images of HM. Lognormal kriging and indicator kriging techniques were applied to create elemental spatial distribution maps and HM probability maps. The results showed that the total content of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr was moderately spatially dependent (nugget-to-sill ratio ranged from 31 to 38%), whereas the contamination index Zc formed strong spatial dependence patterns (nugget-to-sill ratio ranged from 0 to 21.4%). The obtained results of this study could serve as a guide to the authorities in identifying those areas which need remediation. Moreover, this study provides a tool for assessing the hygienic situation in the vicinity of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (Rostov region) for decision making that can help to minimize the environmental risk of technogenic soil contamination of HM. Keywords Soil · potential toxic elements · Indicator kriging · Lognormal kriging · Variogram · Spatial variability
Introduction Evaluation of the environmental impact of contaminants in soils starts with a determination of their concentration and spatial distribution. In several regions with intensive development of industrial production, environmental pollution reaches critical
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Environ Geochem Health
levels, which in turn poses a danger to human
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