Effects of precommercial thinning on growth parameters in Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe stand
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of precommercial thinning on growth parameters in Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe stand Esra Bayar1 • Ayse Deligoz1
Received: 23 May 2018 / Accepted: 14 September 2018 Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract We investigated the effects of precommercial thinning (PCT) applied at different levels on the growth parameters of natural Anatolian black pine stand. The experimental site was located in the province of Isparta in southern Turkey. PCT was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replicates and three treatments (control, 2–2.5 m 9 2–2.5 m and 3–3.5 m 9 3–3.5 m spacing). The experimental plots were established in March 2014. At the end of the growing seasons for three years (2014–2016), growth parameters such as diameter, height and crown radius were measured. PCT was found to be significantly effective on diameter, height, individual tree basal area, and crown radius increment at the end of the third year (p \ 0.05). While diameter, individual tree basal area and crown radius increment increased with increasing PCT intensity, height increment was higher in control than PCT. Although the PCT treatments applied with 3–3.5 m spacing affected individual tree development positively, we need long-term results on wood quality and yield. According to the short-term results, it is thought that it is better to lower the stand
Project funding: This study was a part of the doctoral dissertation and supported by Suleyman Demirel University Projects (Project ¨ YP-05241-DR14 and 4167-O ¨ YP-D2-14). numbers: O The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Yu Lei. & Esra Bayar [email protected] 1
Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta 32260, Turkey
closeness gradually, so, it may be advisable to apply PCT by 2–2.5 m 9 2–2.5 m spacing. Keywords Precommercial thinning Anatolian black pine Diameter increment Height increment
Introduction Forests are of paramount importance to natural resources that can sustain their existence in a unique ecosystem, provide collective social, cultural and economic benefits, and at the same time, renew themselves. Forests contain important functions such as wood production, recreation, carbon sequestration, non-wood forest products, soil conservation, and regulation of the water regime (OGM 2012). The planning and operation of forests according to the functions they will fulfill are important for both living things and the forests. Therefore, the first step in this work is tending. Common silvicultural treatments, including tending and thinning, are applied in forests (Danusevicius et al. 2016). Tending operations have an important place in determining the density of stands, increasing wood quality and growing trees (Ma¨kinen et al. 2006). It is a biological and economic technical practice (Umut et al. 1996). It may be possible to set up the high quality and thick-diameter stands with seasonable and sufficient
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