Efficacy of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer production: a review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Efficacy of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer production: a review Faria Fatima 1 & Arshya Hashim 2 & Sumaiya Anees 3 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Owing to the ever-increasing demand for food, the growing global population has forced farmers to increase fertilizer use. The overall use of fertilizers increased by 13 times between 1950 and 2020, from 15 to 194 million tons. Due to the resource shortages of chemical fertilizers on the market, agricultural costs are rising drastically every day because they cause an adverse impact on the environment by releasing chemical particulates and run-off agriculture. Biofertilizers have thus become a safer supplement to increase crop production without doing any harm to the environment, as they are produced industrially from a selected community of microorganisms that either develop a mutually beneficial relationship with plants or are part of their rhizosphere. They still have some drawbacks, which led to the development of a new avenue for the application of nanotechnology-mediated nanofertilizers. Nanotechnology recommends significant prospects for tailoring nanofertilizer production. They are typically coated with desired chemical composition having controlled release and targeted delivery of effective nanoscale ingredients, ability to improve plant productivity and to minimize environmental pollutants. The present review focuses primarily on the usefulness of nanofertilizers, as well as its environmental and safety concerns. The research would also include useful knowledge related to the introduction of different forms of nanoparticles within the agricultural field, contributing to the opening of a new route to nanorevolution. Keywords Agriculture . Biofertilizers . Nanoparticles . Nanotechnology . Nanofertilizer
Introduction In developing countries like India, agriculture is the major source of livelihood as almost two thirds of the population in the country depends on it. From the time of independence,
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Faria Fatima [email protected] Arshya Hashim [email protected] Sumaiya Anees [email protected] 1
Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, Abeda Inamdar Sr. College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
3
Department of Biosciences Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
India’s food grain production has increased from fivefold to several million tons. According to a report by The Economic Times 2019, the overall food grain production in the country is likely to become 281.37 million tons (www. indiastat.com). High demand for agricultural products generates immense pressure for new agricultural strategies, such as the use of high-yielding chemically synthesized fertilizers, farm yard manures, bio-manures, etc. as it has been observed that the use of fertilizers boosts production in
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