Efficient sunlight-driven photocatalytic behavior of zinc sulfide nanorods towards Rose Bengal degradation
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Efficient sunlight‑driven photocatalytic behavior of zinc sulfide nanorods towards Rose Bengal degradation Vasantha Kumar Palanisamy1 · Kaaviah Manoharan1 · Kannan Raman2 · Rajashabala Sundaram1 Received: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 18 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, zinc sulfide nanorods (ZSNRs) were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal route. The structural, morphological, elemental composition, chemical state, surface charge, particle size, optical and electrochemical characterizations using powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–Vis spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott–Schottky (MS) confirmed that the prepared zinc sulfide (ZnS) exhibits hexagonal wurtzite structure, rod-like morphology, excellent optical absorption, fast charge carrier decay, surface charge transfer behavior, and flat band potential. The photocatalytic performance of prepared ZSNRs photocatalyst was tested by monitoring the degradation of Rose Bengal (RB) dye aqueous solution under direct sunlight irradiation. The effects of catalyst dosage and dye concentration were also considered for the effective degradation of RB dye. The optimum catalyst dosage and concentration of dye were found to be 0.02 mg/mL and 10 µM, respectively. A maximum of 93% photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE%) was achieved at 60 min of direct sunlight irradiation. The standard deviation in photocatalytic performance is found to be ± 0.89%. From the reactive species trapping experiment, the photocatalyst performance of RB dye over ZSNRS mainly depends on the species of holes and hydroxyl radicals rather than electrons and superoxide radicals. A 0.72 ± 0.09 quantum yield for the photodegradation reaction of ZSNRs was noticed. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first study to utilize ZSNRs as a photocatalyst for the effective degradation of RB dye.
1 Introduction One of the major challenges for humanity in recent days is the shrinkage of water resources due to global warming. Unfortunately, these water resources are highly polluted by numerous factors in particular, the discharge of chemical waste from dye units is chemically more stable and highly persistent in the environment which leads to water-borne diseases [1, 2]. Among the organic dyes, xanthene dyes Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04043-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rajashabala Sundaram [email protected] 1
Computational Modelling and Energy Harvesting Laboratory, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
Department of Physics
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