Electrochemical synthesis of Na 0.25 MnO 2 @ACC cathode and Zn@K-ACC anode for flexible quasi-solid-state zinc-ion batte
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Electrochemical synthesis of Na0.25MnO2@ACC cathode and Zn@K‑ACC anode for flexible quasi‑solid‑state zinc‑ion battery with superior performance Yong Qian1,2 · Chen Meng1,2 · Qian Cheng1,2 · Jinxin He2,3 · Xia Dong1,2 Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Flexible rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (FRZIBs) are considered to be a promising candidate for energy storage devices owing to their safety, environmental benignity and material abundant. However, the FRZIBs suffer from low operating voltage, low energy density and poor flexibility, limiting their further large-scale applications. Herein, a facile electrochemical method is employed to prepare Na0.25MnO2@activated carbon cloth (Na0.25MnO2@ACC) cathode and Zn@K+-inserted activated carbon cloth (Zn@K-ACC) anode for zinc-ion battery. Benefiting from the phase evolution from Mn3O4 to N a0.25MnO2 by simultaneous N a+ insertion and M nO2 conversion during electrochemical treatment, the potential range for N a0.25MnO2@ ACC cathode can be extended to 0–1.3 V with significantly increased capacity up to 292.36 mAh g−1. Analogously, flexible Zn@K-ACC anode with high electrochemical performance can also be prepared by pre-inserting K+. The Na0.25MnO2@ ACC//Zn@K-ACC battery delivers a high-operating voltage plateau of 1.60 V and a large energy density of 504.49 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.54 kW kg−1 as well as an excellent cyclic stability over 2000 cycles with 91.8% capacity retention at a current density of 2.0 A g−1. Impressively, the capacity changes slightly under mechanical bending, and the capacity has only 7.2% loss after 1000 bending cycles.
1 Introduction Attributing to the rapid development of portable and wearable electronic products, flexible rechargeable batteries with high energy density, high working voltage and long life have been widely concerned [1, 2]. Currently, secondary lithiumion batteries (LIBs) play an important role in energy storage owing to their high energy density [3, 4]. However, they are suffering from several bottlenecks including the limited Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04155-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xia Dong [email protected] 1
National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textile, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
3
Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
lithium resources, potential flammability and short lifespan, which largely limits the further large-scale applications of LIBs in portable and wearable electronic products [5, 6]. Aqueous rechargeable batteries as a new battery technology can settle the flammability of organic electrolyte, however the poor electrochemical performance of lithium metal in aqueous
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