Revisiting and enhancing electrochemical properties of SnO 2 as anode for sodium-ion batteries
- PDF / 7,997,613 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 96 Downloads / 265 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Revisiting and enhancing electrochemical properties of SnO2 as anode for sodium-ion batteries Rasmita Biswal 1 & Debasis Nayak 1 & S. Janakiraman 1 & N. Vijay Prakash Chaudhary 2 & Sudipto Ghosh 1 & Venimadhav Adyam 2 Received: 14 November 2019 / Revised: 4 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The tin oxide (SnO2) thin films have been prepared by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at deposition temperatures (Td) ranging from 300 to 500 °C with different morphologies and studied as anode for sodium-ion battery. The microstructural evolutions of the thin films are investigated by various techniques which reveal a pure SnO2 phase. The crystallinity of the thin film deposited at 300 °C shows partial amorphous characteristics. Among all the samples, SnO2 thin film deposited at 300 °C exhibits superior electrochemical performance. The films at 300 °C display a high specific capacity of 488 mAh g−1 (at 20 mA g−1) after 50 cycles and a coulombic efficiency of 96% after 200 cycles at 130 mA g−1 (voltage window of 0.01 V to 2.0 V). The achieved high specific capacity can be credited to sodium (Na) storage mechanisms of SnO2, which are both (1) conversion of SnO2 to Sn nanocrystals and followed by (2) alloying of Na and Sn. Keywords SnO2 . Thin film . Pulsed laser deposition . Anode . Sodium-ion batteries
Introduction The past decade has witnessed an enormous surge in use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in consumer electronics to hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) due to their excellent electrochemical properties [1–3]. However, limited lithium reserves and relatively increase in cost can be a severe hindrance to the application of LIBs in large-scale renewable energy storage. In this regard, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) can replace LIBs and fulfill the future energy storage demand because sodium possesses the following: (1) huge availability, (2) low price, and (3) similar insertion chemistry as of both Li. However, most electro-active materials that have been investigated for SIBs to date exhibit similar or lesser specific Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04779-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rasmita Biswal [email protected] 1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
2
Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
capacities and redox potentials as compared with LIBs, resulting in the reduced energy density for the SIBs. This indicates that the cost reduction attained by using SIBs may not be accomplished in terms of cost per energy. Therefore, it is essential to develop electrode materials with high energy densities for SIBs to reduce the cost per energy unit. For cathode materials, layered transition metal oxides, polyanionic compounds have been investigated intensely [4]. Storage of Na+ ion by the intercalation
Data Loading...
